396 BIRDS OF SOUTH AFRICA, 
377. Lantarius TRIVIRGATUS, Smith. 
; Smith’s Red-winged Bush Shrike. 
At one time we were inclined to believe that the present bird was 
only the young of the preceding species, but having now examined 
a very large series we are convinced that it is quite distinct. It is 
a smaller bird than L. senegalus, and may be distinguished by its 
ochraceous under tail-coverts, which are of the same colour as the 
flanks. The ashy-brown head uniform with the back, and bordered 
on each side of the crown by a black streak, also marks the species. 
First discovered by Sir A. Smith to the north-east of Kurrichaine, 
between 24° and 25° 8. Lat., it is now known to extend over the 
greater part of Southern Africa, but does not occur within the Cape 
Colony. Mr. T. C. Atmore forwarded a male from Griqualand, and 
we have received it from Mr. Moffatt at Kuruman, as well as from 
Lieut. Trevelyan at Kingwilliamstown. Mr. Guillemard pronounces 
it to be the commonest Shrike in the Transvaal, and Mr. Ayres 
found it equally numerous near Rustenberg, with L. senegalus, and 
inhabiting similar situations. Mr. T. E. Buckley procured the 
species in Bamangwato, and it was shot by the late Mr. Frank 
Oates on the Crocodile River and also near the Metli River, on his 
way to the Zambesi, where Dr. Kirk also procured the species. From 
South-Western Africa Mr. Andersson gives the following note :— 
“This species is by no means uncommon in Southern Damara Land, 
and it also occurs in the parts adjacent; it confines itself to dense 
thickets or low bushes, where it hops about incessantly, flitting 
rapidly from twig to twig, and passing out of sight directly you have 
caught a glimpse of it. It is generally found either singly or in 
pairs. Two nests of this bird, which I found in the month of 
January, were composed of stalks of plants loosely put together, 
and lined with stalks of a softer kind. One nest was placed very 
low in a low bush, the other about five feet from the ground in a 
thorn bush ; each nest contained three eggs.”” Mr. Monteiro found 
it abundant in Benguela, and Senor Anchieta has also procured it at 
different localities in that province. At Humbe it was called by the 
natives Himba, and at Capangombe, Embolio and Kissandassuela. 
It likewise ranges into Angola proper, having been sent from the 
Rio Bengo by Dr. Welwitsch. In West Africa it is replaced on the 
Gold Coast by the nearly allied L. ussheri, Sharpe. 
