534 BIRDS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 
the 2nd tail-feather is white along the whole of the outer web, 
and diagonally white across the inner web almost to the same extent 
as the outer one. These two nearly white outer tail-feathers ought to 
distinguish it from all other African species excepting A. caffer. 
Fig. Dresser, B. of Europe, iii. pl. 137. 
5238. Awnruus carrer, Swnd. Lesser Tawny Pipit. 
The present species may be looked upon as a small southern form 
of the Palearctic A. campestris, and like that species it has no 
distinct emargination on the 5th primary, only the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th 
being clearly emarginate. Like that species also it has the outer 
tail-feather nearly white and the penultimate one almost entirely 
white, but in freshly moulted specimens these feathers are sometimes 
shghtly fulyescent. The breast is always spotted, whereas in A. 
campestris it is quite uniform in the breeding plumage, and only the 
young birds show spots on the chest. The wing in this species 
measures 3°4 to 3°55 inches, the tail 2°5 to 2°6, and the tarsus 1:05 
to 1:15. Examples from the Cape Colony are rather larger than 
those from more northern localities. 
It appears to be widely distributed throughout South Africa. 
We have shot it ourselves near a vley on the Cape flats, and have 
received it from Colesberg, Swellendam, and Kuruman. Mr. 
Ortlepp and Mr. Rickard have both met with it near Port Elizabeth, 
and from the ‘Transvaal specimens are frequently forwarded. It 
was observed as high as the Tati River in Matabele Land by 
Mr. Jameson’s expedition. Mr. Ayres notes that here it was pretty 
generally distributed, but not common anywhere ; almost always in 
pairs and frequenting the trees. The species was procured at Tete on 
the Zambesi by Sir John Kirk, who has also found it near Zanzibar. 
Besides the above localities in the Cape Colony we may mention 
that Mr. T. C. Atmore has shot the present species at Eland’s Post 
and Grahamstown in the eastern districts, and that the late Mr. 
Frank Oates procured a specimen near Pietermaritzburg. Mr. 
Ortlepp sends eggs, which are dirty white spotted with dark and 
light brown spots of various sizes. Axis 94”, diam. 6}. This 
Pipit places its nest on the ground in some snug well-sheltered 
nook, or at the foot of a tuft of grass. It is cup-shaped and neatly 
built of dry grass, the outer layers coarse, the next fine, and lined 
with hair from the tails of cattle. The eggs are four in number. 
