634 BIRDS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 
Male.—General colour above, ashy-grey, with a tinge of rufous in 
some examples; paler on the wings (white in some), all profusely 
mottled ; the wings with large black blotches ; wing-feathers black ; 
head and neck grey, transversely barred with black ; top of head 
black, much crested ; breast and belly white; a half-collar of black 
between the grey of the neck and the white of the chest; legs 
yellow. Female.—Much smaller and duller coloured than the male, 
which weighs from 30 to 35 lb. Male: Length, 56”; wing, 31”; 
tail, 16”. Female: Length, 44"; wing, 23”; tail, 14”. 
A male, according to Mr. Ayres, had the following soft parts :—, 
“Tris light tawny-brown; the upper mandibles dusky, except the 
side edges, which, with the under mandible, were dingy white, which 
was also the colour of the thighs, tarsi, and feet. The stomach of 
this bird was crammed with locusts.” <A bird obtained by Mr. Frank 
Oates, and supposed to be a young female, was marked as follows :— 
“Tris hazel, dark round the pupil, but becoming very pale towards 
the outside; upper mandible black; under one greenish white, 
tipped with black ; legs and feet pale greenish white ; claws dusky.” 
607. Orts carrra, Licht. Stanley Bustard. 
Eupodotis caffra, Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 283. 
This bird is common in the northern portions of the colony, parti- 
cularly about Beaufort and that neighbourhood. It rarely comes to 
the sea-coast, where its place {is supplied by O. ludwigii. The food 
of the two species is similar—seeds, insects, and small reptilia ; nor 
is there any difference in their habits, both frequenting open plains. 
The males, when “ playing” before the females, expand the feathers 
of the throat and strut about, uttering a loud booming noise, which 
can be heard at a great distance. Like O. scolopacea, they will squat 
and lie close to the ground, to avoid detection, and thus may be 
approached and killed with a charge of No. 7 shot. 
It lays two large eggs, of a reddish-olive ground, spotted 
with brown and indistinct purple blotches: axis, 3’; diam., 2” 2”. 
In the fine season of 1869, it hatched near Ceres on the 20th of 
April. 
Major Bulger thus writes of two young birds in his possession :— 
“Feb. 9, 1864. Batho had two young Paawws given him to-day. I 
have no idea what their age is, but they are as large as a chicken, 
and completely feathered. Their irides are a light-yellowish brown. 
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