ON THE WEALTH OF A COMMUNITY, &c. 513 



annuity which the produce must realize. The above values of G, 

 however, are correct whatever q may become, since the gains of the' 

 capitalist are included in those of the community at large. 



In a State where there is any number of machines at work, and also 

 any number in progress, wealth will be increasing more rapidly than it 

 would have been if all the capital had been employed in paying wages 

 if 2G be positive, and less rapidly if 2G be negative, that is, more or 

 less rapidly as, 



If in any case the machinery lower prices, the community must 

 gain by its use, for if p, < p, G is positive. 



This supposes p, to give the capitalist no additional profit, a fortiori, 

 therefore the community will gain, if, when the rate of profit is raised 

 to q —I, pi be <2). 



Let //' be the price that would pay ordinary profits q-\. 



Then p"r. = C. ^,; p^r, = C. ^^,, 

 H i — qi 



^ f'-q'-r^-q-'- 



The community will gain by the use of machinery, if 



q-l l-tfr" 



If a portion of the dispossessed labourers, whose wages were paid 

 by a part l.C of the capital, become dependent on society for support, 

 there will result the equation 





