OREATOPHORA CARUNCULATA 123 



Creatophora carunculata. 



Gracula carunculata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 399 (1788) Cape. 



Creatophora carunculata, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 308 (1847) ; 



Newton, Diet. Birds, Pt. ii. p. 379 (1893) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, p. 365 



Cape Col. 

 Dilophus carunculalus, Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xiii. p. 61 (1890) ; Shelley 



B. Afr. I. No. 630 (1896) ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1903, p. 223 Orange B. ; 



Grant, Ibis, 1904, p. 2-55 S. Abyssinia; Clarke, t. c. p. 525 Bloem- 



fontein ; Grant, Ibis, 1905, pp. 201, 203 Uganda. 

 Perissornis carunculatus, Eeichen. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 670 (1904) ; Neum. 



J. f. 0. 1905, p. 237 Abassi Lake ; Erlanger, t. c. p. 705 N. E. Africa. 

 Stm-nus gallinaceus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 324 (1890) Cape. 

 Gracula larvata, Shaw. Gen. Zool. vii. p. 468, pi. 57 (1809) S. Africa. 

 Le Porte-Lambeaux, Levaill. Ois. Afr. ii. p. 178, pis. 93, 94 (1799). 



Adult female. Upper parts pale ashy brown with the rump cream- 

 white ; wing and tail dark brown with a greenish bronze gloss, and some 

 white, generally present, on the outer greater coverts ; under wing-coverts 

 with broad white edges ; under parts paler than the back and gradually 

 fading into white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts. "Bare skin near 

 the eye pale greenish yellow; bare skin on sides of chin dark ash colour; 

 iris hazel; bill pale with the ridge dusky; tarsi and feet dusky brown." 

 Total length 75 inches, culmen 08, wing 4-6, tail 26, tarsus 1-15. 2 , 20. 

 7. 78, Rustenburg (T. Ayres). 



Adult male in ordinary plumage. Differs from the female only in the 

 colouring inclining more to sandy buff, and the wings and tail being blacker 

 and more strongly glossed with gi-een. " Iris pale brown ; bill pale pink ; 

 tarsi and feet light dusk brown ; bare skin round the eye pale asli colour, 

 shading into bright greenish yellow behind and under the eye ; bare skin 

 on sides of chin dark ash ; wing 4-8. J , 4. 9. 78, Potchefstroom (T. 

 Ayres) . 



Male in full breeding plamagc. Differs from the last in having tlie upper 

 half of the throat and the head, with the exception of the ear-coverts and 

 nape, bare with erect wattles on the forehead, crown and centre of throat. 

 " Iris hazel ; bill white tinted with lilac ; tarsi and feet dark brownish 

 flesh-colour ; bare skin on head deep black in front ; bright yellow behind, 

 and round the eye a small bluish patch." J , 18. 11. 74, Tati (Gates). 



The Wattled Starling ranges over the open districts of 

 Africa generally, southward from Angola and Abyssinia and 

 extends eastward into Arabia. 



The species has been procured at Malandje, in Angola, 



