The Scaup Ducks. 355 



have the inner web drab with a blackish 

 tip; the outer web blackish. The inner 

 primaries have the inner web drab, the 

 outer white or very pale grey, both webs 

 tipped with blackish. The outer second- 

 aries are pure white, with broad black 

 tips ; the inner, black ; the innermost, 

 very slightly speckled with white. 



The adult female has the whole head, 

 crest and neck, the entire upper plumage 

 and the tail dark brown, almost black in 

 parts, the feathers of the back and scapulars 

 with broad rufous margins, very con- 

 spicuous just after the autumn moult, but 

 becoming narrower, or altogether dis- 

 appearing, as the winter passes. On either 

 side of the base of the upper mandible 

 there is a white patch, streaked with brown. 

 The feathers on the forehead and chin have 

 light-coloured bases, which form more 

 or less distinct patches on those parts. 

 The chest is brown with paler margins. 

 The breast is dull white, much mottled 

 with brown, and gradually passing into 

 the purer white of the upper part of the 

 abdomen. The lower part of the abdomen, 

 the thighs, and the under tail-coverts are 

 brown, each feather with a pale margin. 

 The feathers on the sides of the body 

 are rich hair-brown, margined with pale 



