[Case 75. 
5 
4 
120 BIRD GALLERY. 
represent the fourth subfamily ; while the few Australian species of 
Ephthianura (2068-2070) constitute the fifth. 
The Henicurine includes the fork-tailed species of Henicurus (2071) 
and Hydrocichla (2072), inhabiting the mountain-streams of the Indian 
Region, and resembling Pied Wagtails in general appearance and habits. 
To the Ruticilline belong our Common (2074) and Black (2075) Red- 
starts, Robin (2082), Nightingale (2080), and Northern or ‘ Sprosser ” 
Nightingale (2080 a), which has been recently procured in Kent, as well 
as the Blue-throat (2079), an irregular visitor to our coasts; also the 
Ruby-throats (Calliope) (2083), Chat-Thrushes (Cossypha) (2094-5), 
and Shamas (Cittocincla) (2092), the latter much prized as cage-birds 
on account of their sweet song. 
The Chats (Savicoling) form the eighth subfamily. The British 
breeding-species belonging to this group are the Stonechat (2099), 
Whinchat (2100), and Common Wheatear (2107), while the Eastern 
Stonechat (2099 a), Isabelline (2106), Black-throated (Savicola occi- 
dentalis) (2114), Black-eared (S. stapazina) (2114 a), Western Black- 
eared (S. cataring) (2114b), and Desert Wheatears (2115) have 
occurred as stragglers. 
The ninth and last subfamily (Sialiine) contains some strikingly 
handsome forms, such as the American Sialia sialis (2118) and Grandala 
celicolor (2111), found on the highest parts of the Himalaya at elevations 
of from 15,000 to 17,000 feet. 
Family XI. Syivirpe. Wareuers. 
The numerous representatives of this family are distributed over the 
Old World and include some of our finest songsters, such as the Black- 
cap. They are distinguished from the Thrushes by having a double 
moult, one in spring and one in autumn, and their young in first 
plumage resemble the adult, but are rather more highly coloured. 
With few exceptions they are birds of plain plumage. The majority 
are migratory and traverse immense distances, but some, such as the 
Grass-Warblers (Prinia and Cisticola) are quite sedentary and incapable 
of protracted flight. The food consists of insects, but most of the 
species at certain times of the year feed on fruits, &e. No less than 
twenty-five species are included in the British List, twelve of which are 
regular summer-visitors, while the remainder are accidental. To the 
former category belong the Grasshopper- (2118), Sedge- (2128), Marsh- 
2119), and Reed- (2121) Warblers, the Wood-Wren (2144), Willow- 
Warbler (2145), Chiffchaff (2143), Dartford Warbler (2134), Garden- 
Warbler (2140), Blackcap (2137), Whitethroat (2139), and Lesser 
Whitethroat 2138}. The latter include Pallas’ Grasshopper- Warbler 
