[Case 78.] 
128 BIRD GALLERY. 
with almost the same facility. They differ from our Warblers in having 
only nine primary quills and in being more brightly coloured. About 
a hundred and fifty species have been distinguished, but it is doubtful 
whether some of the genera included in this family should not be placed 
elsewhere, the “ American Redstarts” (Sefophaga) (2366-17) being 
referred by certain authors to the Flycatchers, which they resemble in 
appearance and habits, while others appear to have more affinity to the 
Wrens, Greenlets, and Tanagers respectively. The most numerously 
represented genus Dendraca (2854-8) includes nearly forty species, of 
which the Golden Warbler (D. estiva) (2854) is one of the most familiar 
North American birds. A specimen obtained in Durham in May 1904 
was supposed to have been an accidental straggler. The cup-shaped 
nest of this bird and other allied forms is placed in trees and bushes, 
and the eggs are spotted with reddish brown, lilac, and grey. 
Family XXX. Movacrtitina#. Waeraits anp Prrirs. 
The nine-quilled Passeres included in this family range over the 
greater part of the World, but are absent in Polynesia. Asin the Larks, 
the inner secondary quills are greatly lengthened and as long as the 
primaries. With the exception of two species which occur in North- 
west America, the Wagtails (Motacilla) (2868-74) are entirely confined 
to the Old World. They are almost entirely terrestrial in their habits and 
frequent the vicinity of water, both fresh and salt, meadows, and damp 
ground. With quick running movements and constantly vibrating tail, 
they catch flies and other insects, occasionally capturing them on the 
wing. Of all birds Wagtails are the most graceful both in their form 
and movements. Five species visit and breed in the British Islands, 
viz.: the Pied (2869), White (2370), Grey (2371), Yellow or Ray’s 
(2372), and Blue-headed (2873) Wagtails. Of these, the first-named is 
by far the commonest, while the last, although it has been known to breed, 
can only be regarded as an irregular visitor on migration. The Grey- 
headed (M. viridis) (2878) and the Black-headed (M. melanocephala) 
(2373 b) have also been recorded, the former as breeding. The Pipits 
(Anthus) are generally to be distinguished by their sombre brown coloring, 
the most notable exception being the Kast African Tmetothylacus tenellus 
(2383), which has most of the plumage yellow. In external appearance 
and habits they are very similar to Larks, and the males soar in the air 
while they sing. On the British List we find the Tree- (2375), Meadow- 
(2876), and Rock- (2877) Pipits, which are common and breed; the 
Norwegian form of the Rock-Pipit (4. rupestris) (2878), which only 
occurs on migration; and the Red-throated (2379), Tawny (2380), 
Richard’s (2881), and Water- (2382) Pipits, all accidental stragglers to 
our shores. The African genus Macronyx (2385-17) includes several 
