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Crocodile was modified so as to constitute a valve closing 

 the communication between the mouth and the throat, 

 whereby the animal could breathe through its nostrils 

 while drowning its prey. The Tongue of the Frog was 

 last described. In the review of this series of Tongues it 

 was observed that no new structures were added to those 

 observed in the Human Tongue. All were indicated there, 

 and all the structures of the Human Tongue were found in 

 the Tongues of Mammals, though, of course, often 

 curiously modified for special purposes. Yet, though these 

 Tongues were so identical in their conforraatinn their en- 

 dowments were not the same. The Human Tongue was 

 subservient to the faculty of intelligent articulate speech. No 

 one could dispute that this faculty belonged to M an alone 

 on this earth. ITie parrot might seem to be an exception, 

 but this exception, if considered carefully, would prove the 

 rule. The parrot mimicked sounds without comprehending 

 them, and never originated them. The parrot was low down 

 in the scale of creation, and joined by no links to man. If 

 the parrot had been near man in organisation, the instance 

 would have been of weight. But none of the animals more 

 allied to man in their organisation had ever formed a lan- 

 guage. They had their own collection of sounds, but these 

 were instinctive and always the same for the same purpose 

 in all members of our species. There was in this matter no 

 progress for the animals. The cock crowed and the dog 

 barked with the same tone and meaning to-day as when 

 they issued from the ark. Thinking over the Tongues 

 brought before us the question of our relation with the 

 lower animals. Structurally the same with the animals, 

 even in respect of the most minute points, man had certain 

 mental gifts, possessed by him in his most savage state, 

 which be did not share with the animals. These were, the 

 power of perceiving moral ideas, and the faculty of articu- 

 late speech. The first of these might be rendered active 

 by teaching ; the second was always active and always 

 changing. The changes undergone within a few years by 



