FRELD KEY TO THE LAND BIRDS. 29 
62. PURPLE FINCH. RED LINNET. Carpod- 
acus purpureus. — Length, 6% inches. Grayish brown, 
shaded with bright crimson from the head downwards 
and on the tail coverts; underparts gray and white. 
Female resembles the female Rose-breasted Grosbeak 
(P1. II. 89) in markings and color, but is much smaller. 
The Purple Finch stays all summer, and in winter 
collects in small flocks, which rove about from place 
o place. 
6a.) 40S ORO ENGLISH, SPARROW: 
Passer domesticus. — Length, 6§ inches. Top of head 
and underparts gray; back of neck and back chestnut ; 
black markings on throat, breast, and back, and around 
bill and eyes. Female grayish yellow-brown above, 
lighter below; without the black marks on throat and 
breast. The English sparrow stays around dwellings 
throughout the entire year, being rarely seen in the 
open country. He has no song, but is endowed with 
superior intellect, being in this respect comparable to 
the crow alone, though unlike that bird he never 
becomes really tame. He is quarrelsome, plucky, of 
unbounded impudence, very cautious apd suspicious. 
These sparrows have undoubtedly a language by which 
they understand each other. They have attached 
themselves to the white man’s household for thou- 
sands of years, like dogs, cats, fowl, horses, and 
cattle, but unlike these animals have never cence 
his slaves. 
G64. AMERICAN CROSSBILL. Loxia curvi- 
rostra minor. — Length, 64 inches. Grayish olive 
green above, underparts lighter; no white spotted 
bars on wing coverts; bill small. Male shaded all 
over with somewhat yellowish crimson; wing and tail 
black. This is a dull, quiet bird, feeding on pine 
seed. It breeds to the north, straying southward in 
winter. 
65. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. Lozia 
leucoptera. — Length, 6 inches. Similar to the Ameri- 
ean Crossbill, but shaded with deep crimson; two 
