322 On the Music of the Middle Ages. 
The musical system of the Greeks was complete at the intro- 
duction of Christianity. The Romans adopted it, and by them, and 
with them, it was extended to all nations, wherever the Latin 
language was spoken. 
The Gregorian Modes, as ordinarily understood, consist in number 
of eight, but in reality they amount to twelve; the four last being 
usually transposed in the text, by the introduction of the 6 flat. 
In the time of Charlemagne a discussion arose as to the number of 
Modes, and upon being appealed to he decided that eight were 
enough for all practical purposes; but as Canute could not command 
the waves of the sea, neither was Charlemagne able to control the 
limits of the musical Scale: and in spite of the mandate of the great 
Christian Emperor, the Eolien and Ionian Modes still held their 
ground in the musical system of that and every succeeding age. 
The Church Modes are of two kinds, authentic and plagal; each 
authentic Mode having its corresponding plagal, and differing from 
it only in the disposition of the fifth and fourth of which each is 
composed. 
The following is a Table of the Eight Modes. 
5th. 4th. 
First Mode, authentic... . . . DEF Gabed 
4th. oth. 
SS SS 
Second Mode, plagal.... ABCDEFGa... 
bth. 4th. 
—_ 
Third Mode, authentic... . . . EF G@abede 
4th. oth. 
ee ee 
Fourth Mode, plagal.... BC DE FGab... 
oth. 4th. 
ace ae 
Fifth Mode, authentic... . . . F Gabede f 
4th, oth. 
SASS 
Sixth Mode, plagal..... CDE F Gabe... 
5th. 4th. 
SS 
Seventh Mode, authentic... . . Ga bedefg 
4th. oth. 
. ; : 
Eighth Mode, plagal.... DE FGabed 
