42 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 



RESEARCH WORK. 



Shortly after bis retiirii from Europe in Sei)teml)er. the Chief found it neces- 

 sary to undertake the preparation of a number of articles relating to aboriginal 

 art and archeology for the Handbook of the Indians. Among the subjects 

 treated at some length are archeology, architecture, art, antiquity, Bureau of 

 American Ethnology, bonework, catlinite, cliff-dwellings, copper, engraving, 

 graphic art, uunes and quarries, metal work, ornament, pottery, sculpture, shell- 

 heaps, shellwork, and stonework. The only field work undertaken by the Chief 

 during the year was a brief visit to Cavetown, Md., for the purpose of observ- 

 ing the exploration there being conducted by Dr. Charles Peabody and Mr. 

 W. K. Moorehead in the well-known cave near that village. Mr. J. D. McGuire 

 had begun the exploration of this cave for the Carnegie Institution in 1903 

 and had obtained valuable evidence of its former occupancy by Indians. 

 The present work, which consisted of extensive excavations within the outer 

 chamber of the cavern, yielded much additional material of the same general 

 character. 



During the first few weeks of the year Mr. James Mooney, ethnologist, was 

 at St. Louis supervising the final installation of the Kiowa heraldry exhibit 

 in the Smithsonian section of the Government building, Louisiana Purchase 

 Exposition. This exhibit comprised about 120 articles, filling 50 feet of wall 

 case, together with one floor case, and consisted of 90 small shield models, 4 

 original shields. 5 tipi models, 6 paintings on buckskin, with several cere- 

 monial lances and smaller objects. On the completion of this work, after a 

 brief leave of absence, Mr. Mooney returned to Mount Scott, in tlie Kiowa 

 country, Oklahoma, where he continued his researches, including the prepara- 

 tion of models and the collection of ethnological material. A number of 

 Cheyenne tipi models were also made for the Field Columbian Museum, of 

 Chicago, with funds provided by that institution, as authorized by joint ar- 

 rangement with the Bureau. At the end of October INIr. Mooney returned to 

 "Washington and was engaged in writing a preliminary paper on Kiowa heraldry 

 until about the end of the calendar year, when he was called on to cooperate 

 in the preparation of the Handbook of the Indians, for which work the following 

 articles were furnished : Arawakan colony, Calusa tribe, Cheyenne tribe, 

 Kiowa tribe, military societies, peyote, population, shields, skin-dressing, sig- 

 nals, sign language, Timucua tribe. Besides these about 100 ininor articles were 

 prepared, treating of tribes, biographies of noted Indians, and other subjects. 

 In connection with this work the available information relating to the ancient 

 tribes of Florida and the Gulf States generally was found to be so deficient 

 and confused that Mr. Mooney undertook an investigation of the subject from 

 original sources. A part of the results has been embodied in the Handbook of 

 the Indians, and the foundation has been laid for an extended paper on the 

 ethnology of this region to form a complement to his previous studies of the 

 Siouan tribes of the east and the Cherokee. In the meantime he also super- 

 vised the photographing of the large series of shield models and other parts of 

 the heraldrj' collection made by him during previous years, and prepared cata- 

 logues and labels for such portions of this material as were required for the 

 Bureau exhibit at the Lewis and Clark Exposition. 



Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, ethnologist, spent the first six months of the year in 

 the completion of the text of his monograph on the Aborigines of Porto Rico. 

 He left Washington on January 7, 1905, for an extended archeological trip to 

 the Republic of INIexico, under a grant from the Smithsonian Institution, and 

 returned on the 15th of iNIay. About three weeks were spent by Doctor 

 Fewkes in the City of Mexico making arrangements with officials for letters 



