44 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 



and Xicochimalco, wliich was ti'ausmitted for publication by tbe Smitbsonian 

 Institution. The illustrative material brought back includes about 200 large 

 photographic negatives, numerous smaller views, tracings of pictographs, and 

 many di-awings, plans, and maps. 



Dr. Cyrus Thomas, ethnologist, was engaged during the year largely on the 

 Handbook of the Indians, assisting Mr. Hodge in the laborious task of prepai-- 

 ing the manuscripts for publication. Among the articles written by Doctor 

 1'homas during the year for this work are agriculture, calendar, counting, Five 

 Civilized Tribes, fortifications, habitations, maize, migrations, mortual-y cus- 

 toms, mounds and mound builders, population, reservations, treaties, besides a 

 number of biographical sketches and archeological articles of a more special 

 character. The work of reading the proofs of Bulletin 28, which required 

 especial acquaintance with archeology and glyphic systems of the ancient 

 Mexicans, was also intrusted to Doctor Thomas. This reading was completed 

 before the end of the year. Doctor Thomas was also frequently called on for 

 data required in official correspondence relating to his special branches of 

 research. 



Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, at the beginning of the year began tbe prepara- 

 tion of various articles for the Handbook of the Indians, and continued the 

 correction and elaboration of the material pertaining to the Iroquoian stock 

 for the same work. Among the articles furnished are those on adoption, 

 clans and gentes, confederations, chiefs, government, mythology, religion, scalp- 

 ing, wampum, and women. The work of cataloguing the collection of linguistic 

 manuscripts, of which Mr. Hewitt is custodian, was completed as far as copy- 

 ing the old cards in duplicate, when the work was laid aside for that of 

 the Handbook. Mr. Hewitt also gave material assistance in furnishing data 

 required in the correspondence of the Bureau relating to tribes and languages. 



Mrs. M. C. Stevenson, ethnologist, spent tbe month of July in New Mexico, 

 where she had been for some months making a study of the arts, industries, 

 religion, and social customs of the Zuni tribe. It was observed that the Zuni 

 pantheon is largely similar to that of the Hopi and the Rio Grande pueblos. 

 Although the Zuiii worship numerous deities which take both human and bes- 

 tial form, they believe also in a supreme power without form, yet embracing 

 all form, the breath of life — life itself. These beliefs indicate that the Zuni 

 have reached a higher stage of culture than has previously been supposed, 

 although it can not yet be said to what extent this may be attributed to the 

 Spanish influence to which the tribe was more or less subjected for three 

 centuries. Various details relating to Zuiii life were investigated, and valu- 

 able information regarding mortuary customs was obtained through the death 

 and burial of Naiuchi, a celebrated priest-chief, whose demise occurred during 

 Mrs. Stevenson's stay in Zuni pueblo. Native plants entering into the medicine 

 and dietary of the Zuni were also studied ; the arts of preparing and dyeing 

 wool, which have not. been practiced for many years, were observed, and speci- 

 mens of the native materials and devices employed in the process, as well as of 

 the dyed wool, were collected. Studies of symbolism as embodied in Zuiii 

 textile and ceramic art, and investigations into the everyday life, and especially 

 the child-life, of the pueblo were likewise made. 



Early in August a day was spent hy Mrs. Stevenson with the Santa Clara 

 Indians in making a series of photographs of their annual fiesta. The mouth 

 was occupied principally, however, in a study of the Sia Indians, a few days 

 being given to the neighboring Jemez pueblo. On the 27th Mrs. Stevenson 

 reached Cochiti, whence a visit was made to the great stone carving of 

 cougars on the mesa 10 miles distant. In Mrs. Stevenson's comparative studies 



