DIRECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 81 



Downy young, brownish-gray above, irregularly and coarse- 

 ly marbled with dusky, dull white beneath; four or more 



Fig. 96. 



0-, D, 1. 1. 1-4. 

 dusky lines on sides of head. A noisy bird constantly cry- 

 ing " Pillie ivillie tvillet " in loud, shrill, tones; also gives a 

 loud, rasping cry, and a chuckling note when alighting. 

 Social, usually occurring in flocks of three or four to a dozen 

 or more ; feeds on mud flats but sometimes occurs on sandy 

 beaches ; sometimes perches on dead limbs of trees ; flight 

 ■quite slow but direct; wing beats strong and well down, not 

 rapid. Breeds from N. J. south to Fla. and irregularly north 

 to N. E. ; resident and all winter from the Carolinas south- 

 ward. Uncommon on the coast of Mass. in fall and rare in 

 spring. 



m. Fighting Sandpipers. Pavoncella. 

 Large stout sandpipers the males of which are remark- 

 able in having a cape of elongated feathers about the neck 

 and a ruff on the back of the upper neck ; face naked and 

 covered with papillae. Noted for their pugnacity, fig. 97. 



