DIRECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 131 



neck for more than half its length, brownish-red tinged with 



violet; remainder of neck, 

 body in front of wings and 

 lower back, black ; canvassing 

 on back and sides with the 

 black and white of about 

 equal area; bill, black; feet, 

 bluish; iris, orange, fig. 151. 

 Female, brownish throughout 

 with the canvassing above 

 faintly indicated. Breeds from 

 southern Mich, and northern 

 Me. northward, migrating 

 southward in Oct. to winter 



Fig. 151. 



IV, C, b, 1. 1-15. 

 from Mass. (where it is rare 



north of Cape Cod) southward, becoming very common from 

 Chesapeake Bay through the Carolinas ; comes north in April. 

 Nests on ground ; eggs, 6 to 10, creamy-white. Occurs in flocks 

 or occasionally singly. 



2. CANVAS-BACK. A. vallisneria. Differs from 1 

 in being a trifle larger ; bill, long and tapering, 2.75 produced 

 back on forehead ; red of neck not extending over more than 

 half its length ; canvassing with white predominating, fig. 

 152. Breeds from the northwestern States northward; time 



of migration and winter 

 range with nesting habits 

 about as in 1. 



c. Black-headed 

 Ducks. Fuligula. 



Bill, flatter than in b 

 and slightly expanded tow- 

 ard tip ; head and neck, and 

 upper breast, black. 



1. SCAUP, F. MARILA. 



19.00; bill, 1.80; speculum. 



Fig. 162. 



IV, C, b, 



white; head glossed with green and violet; space in middle 



