DIKECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 147 



KUFFED GROUSE, B. umbellus. 18.00 ; reddish-brown 

 above mottled and spotted with dark-browaand ashy-white; 

 reddish-brown band across breast ; remaining under parts, 

 white banded with brown ; tail, tipped with ashy in which 

 there is a sub-terminal band of brown, fig. 178. Female dul- 

 ler with a smaller tail. Eastern U. S.'south to the mountains 

 of northern Ga., and southern Canada. Frequents brushy 

 woodlands. Note, a whistling chuck- Fig. 177. 



le given when alarmed; also give the 

 drumming sound in spring, summer 

 and autumn ; this begins loud and 

 distinct, increases in rapidity, but 

 diminishes in volume and dies away 

 almost as a continuous murmur. Has 

 the habit of spreading the fan-like 

 tail and turning it from side to side to 

 attract attention to itself when ac- 

 companied by its young. Nests in 

 early May. 



1*. CANADIAN RUFFED 

 GROUSE, B, TJ. TOGATA. Differs 

 from 1 in being grayer above especial- I*, B, a, 1. 1-12. 

 ly on tail and in having the brown markings broader. Inhab- 



Fig. 178. 



P, B, b, 1. 1-12. 



its the spruce forests of 

 northern N. E., northern 

 N. Y. and the British Pro- 

 vinces north to James Bay, 

 west to Oregon and British 

 Columbia. 



c. Ptannig'ans. 

 liag-opus. 



Medium sized, compact- 

 ly formed grouse that in- 

 habit cold regions and 



which are nearly white in winter, fig. 179, but change to a 



