INSECTA TRANSVAALIENSIA. 65 



The following bibliography includes most of the principal writings on South African 

 Sphingiclfe : — 



Walker, Feas. ' List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in tbe Collection of the British Museum.* 

 Part viii.— Sphingidfe. (1856.) 



Butler, A. G. "Revision of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera of the Family Sphingidse." (Trans. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond. vol. ix. pp. 511-644, plates xc.-sciv. (1876).) 



BoisDuvAL, J. A. ' Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres. Heteroceres.' Tome 

 Premier. Sphingides, &c. (1875.) 



Distant, W. L. " On a Collection of Heterocera made in the Transvaal. Fam. Sphingidfe." (Ann. Mag. 

 Nat. Hist. Ser. 6, vol. xis. p. 579 (1897).) 



Rothschild, Hon. W., and Dr. Karl Jordan. " A Revision of the Lepidopterous Family Sphingidee." 

 (' Novitates Zoologies,' ix., Supplement (1903).)" 



Genus CEPHONODES. 



Cephonodes, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 131 (1822?); Moore, Lepid. Ceylon, vol. ii. p. 81 (1822) ; Hamps. 



Fauna Brit. India, Moths, vol. i. p. 120 (1892). 

 Potidaa, Wallengr. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. xv. p. 139 (1858) ; Bihang, Svensk. Akad. Handl. (2) Band v. 



p. 17 (1865). 

 ^ge, Feld. Reise Novara, Lepid. iv. pi. Ixxv. fig. 6 (1874). 



A widely distributed genus, being found in both South and West Africa, Madagascar and 

 the neighbouring islands, Japan, British India, Malayana, and Australia. 



1. Cephonodes hylas. (Tab. V., &g. 12.) 



sphinx hylas, Linnjeus, Mantissa, i. p. 539 (1771) ; Don. Ins. China, pi. xliii. f. 2 (1799). 



Sesia hylas, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. I. p. 379, no. 3 (1793). 



Cephonodes hylas, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 131 (1822?); Moore, Lep. Ceylon, vol. ii. p. 31, t. 92, 



figs. 4a, b (1875); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Lepid. Heteroc. vol. i. p. 627 (1892); Hamps. Faun. Brit. Ind. 



Moths, vol. i. p. 120, fig. 69 (1892) ; Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. xix. p. 579 (1897). 

 Sphinx pints. Cram. Pap. Exot. ii. p. 83, pi. cxlviii. fig. B (1779). 

 Macroglossa Kingi, Macleay. in King's ' Survey Australia,' App. p. 465 (1827). 

 Macroglossa apus, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madag. p. 79, pi. x. fig. 4 (1833). 

 Sesia cunninghami, Walk. Cat. Lepid. Heteroc. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 85 (1856). 

 Macroglossa cunninghami, Schauf. Nunquam Otiosus, i. p. 22 (1870). 

 Macroglossa hylas, Boisd. Spec. Gen. Lepid. Heteroc. i. p. 376 (1875). 

 Hemaris hylas, Butl. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. ix. p. 522 (1876). 

 Hemaris picus, Saalm. Lep. Madag. i. p. 117, pi. iii. fig. 40 (1884). 

 Larva. — Hemaris hylas, Butl. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. ix. pi. xc. fig. 4 (1876). 



Cephonodes hylas, Fawcett, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. xv. p. 312, pi. xlviii. figs. 13-18 (1901). 



Hab. — Transvaal; Pretoria (Distant), Johannesburg (Cregoe), Zoutpansberg (Distant). — Natal; 

 Durban (Eoss). — Also found in West Africa, Sierra Leone (Coll. Dist.); Japan; throughout India to 

 Australia, and recorded by Hampson from the Gilbert Islands. . 



Col. Fawcett states that in Natal he has reared this well-known species from six different 

 forms of larva, "which show almost every gradation, from an almost wholly green larva with 

 white subdorsal stripes to an almost wholly black one, in which the subdorsal stripes are 

 replaced by very dark grey ones." 



In Natal the larva feeds on Gardenia, and also on Kraussia lanceolata. When ready for 

 their transformations, the larvaG burrow underground, and there undergo their change to 



* Not published at tbe time of going to press. 



