RED-SHAFTED FLICKER. 
413. Colaptes cafer collaris. 13 inches. 
Crown brown and throat gray, these colors being just 
reversed from those of the common Flicker. 
The male is distinguished by a red moustache mark, 
which the female lacks. ‘The typical male Red-shafted 
Flicker lacks the red crescent on the back of the head, 
but it is often present on individuals, as there are nu- 
merous hybrids between this species and the preceding. 
Flickers are more terrestrial in their habits than are any 
others of the family; their food consists largely of ants 
which they get from the ground. 
Note.—Same as those of the last; both species often 
utter a purring whistle when they are startled from the 
ground. 
Nest.—lhe nesting habits are identical with those of 
the last and the eges cannot be distinguished. 
Range.—From the eastern slope of the Rocky Moun- 
tains to the Pacific. 
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