﻿22 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  NEW 
  JERSEY 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM. 
  

  

  It. 
  will 
  be 
  noted 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  orders 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  series 
  are 
  terres- 
  

   trial 
  in 
  all 
  stages, 
  and 
  that 
  in 
  none 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  the 
  wings 
  folded 
  

   in 
  any 
  way. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  series 
  of 
  the 
  mandibulates 
  is 
  that 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   first 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  thorax 
  became 
  separated 
  from 
  and 
  movable 
  

   upon 
  the 
  second, 
  while 
  the 
  second 
  and 
  third 
  became 
  closely 
  

   united. 
  In 
  all 
  cases 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  set 
  into 
  the 
  first 
  thoracic 
  segment, 
  

   and 
  there 
  is 
  never 
  any 
  distinct 
  neck 
  between. 
  This 
  series 
  

   branched 
  early 
  into 
  two 
  main 
  divisions, 
  one 
  of 
  them 
  adapted 
  to 
  

   living 
  on 
  land, 
  the 
  other 
  living 
  in 
  or 
  under 
  water. 
  

  

  The 
  Plecoptera, 
  or 
  plaited 
  winged 
  forms 
  known 
  as 
  stone-flies, 
  

   have 
  the 
  wings 
  net-veined, 
  and 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  are 
  folded 
  or 
  

   plaited 
  beneath 
  the 
  fore 
  wings 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  at 
  rest. 
  The 
  

   larvae 
  live 
  under 
  stones 
  in 
  water, 
  breathing 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  gill- 
  

   tufts; 
  the 
  pupae 
  are 
  active 
  and 
  the 
  metamorphosis 
  is 
  thus 
  incom- 
  

   plete. 
  

  

  An 
  advance 
  is 
  noted 
  in 
  the 
  Platyptera, 
  where 
  the 
  transforma- 
  

   tions 
  become 
  complete. 
  In 
  general 
  appearance 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  

   unlike 
  the 
  stone-flies, 
  but 
  are 
  more 
  compactly 
  built, 
  with 
  the 
  

   wings 
  folded 
  in 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  way. 
  They 
  are 
  known 
  as 
  fish- 
  

   flies, 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  formidable 
  in 
  appear- 
  

   ance. 
  The 
  larvae 
  live 
  on 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  streams 
  under 
  stones, 
  

   breathing 
  through 
  gill-tufts 
  and 
  usually 
  coming 
  to 
  the 
  shore 
  to 
  

   pupate. 
  The 
  largest 
  of 
  these 
  larvae 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  fishermen 
  as 
  

   Hellgramites, 
  and 
  are 
  often 
  gathered 
  in 
  numbers 
  as 
  bait 
  for 
  

   bass. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  terrestrial 
  series 
  the 
  roaches 
  first 
  became 
  developed, 
  and 
  

   from 
  them 
  the 
  other 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  Orthoptera 
  or 
  

   straight-winged 
  insects, 
  grasshoppers, 
  katydids, 
  crickets 
  and 
  the 
  

   like. 
  In 
  all 
  these 
  the 
  fore 
  wings 
  are 
  actually 
  or 
  comparatively 
  

   narrow, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  thickened 
  in 
  texture, 
  while 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  

   are 
  folded 
  fan-like 
  beneath 
  them. 
  The 
  pupal 
  stage 
  is 
  active, 
  and 
  

   the 
  transformation, 
  therefore, 
  incomplete. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  roaches 
  

   had, 
  and 
  some 
  yet 
  have, 
  the 
  secondaries 
  transversely 
  folded, 
  and 
  

   from 
  this 
  type 
  we 
  derive 
  the 
  Dermoptera 
  and 
  Coleoptera. 
  

  

  The 
  Dermoptera, 
  or 
  ear-wigs, 
  resemble 
  small, 
  short-winged 
  

   beetles, 
  with 
  a 
  curious, 
  forceps-like 
  anal 
  appendage, 
  which 
  they 
  

  

  