﻿THE 
  INSECTS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  JERSEY. 
  27 
  

  

  CHAPTER 
  HI. 
  

  

  FAUNAL 
  CHARACTERISTICS. 
  

  

  New 
  Jersey 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  Carolinian 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  austral 
  zone, 
  

   and 
  its 
  relations 
  as 
  a 
  whole 
  are 
  with 
  the 
  territory 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  

   and 
  southwest, 
  rather 
  than 
  with 
  that 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  or 
  northeast. 
  

   Only 
  in 
  the 
  mountainous 
  northwestern 
  section 
  in 
  Warren 
  and 
  

   Sussex 
  Counties 
  is 
  there 
  a 
  distinct 
  element 
  of 
  the 
  Transition 
  zone, 
  

   which 
  is 
  manifested 
  to 
  a 
  much 
  smaller 
  extent 
  along- 
  the 
  northern 
  

   boundary 
  in 
  Passaic 
  and 
  Bergen 
  Counties. 
  

  

  Yet, 
  although 
  the 
  State 
  belongs 
  to 
  one 
  general 
  faunal 
  area, 
  

   the 
  fauna 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  uniform 
  and 
  it 
  offers 
  several 
  very 
  

   distinct 
  though 
  not 
  sharply 
  limited 
  regions. 
  These 
  are 
  based 
  

   largely 
  upon 
  geologic 
  formations 
  which 
  cannot 
  be 
  discussed 
  here 
  ; 
  

   but 
  their 
  general 
  boundaries 
  and 
  character 
  should 
  be 
  briefly 
  

   stated. 
  And 
  first 
  I 
  wish 
  to 
  credit 
  Dr. 
  Philip 
  P. 
  Calvert 
  with 
  

   suggesting 
  the 
  importance 
  and 
  outlining 
  the 
  characters 
  of 
  the 
  

   regions 
  to 
  avoid 
  unnecessary 
  elaboration 
  in 
  recording 
  widely 
  

   distributed 
  species, 
  and 
  with 
  suggesting 
  the 
  designations 
  for 
  the 
  

   various 
  regions. 
  

  

  Beginning 
  at 
  the 
  northwestern 
  corner 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  we 
  have 
  

   the 
  Appalachian 
  region, 
  bounded 
  at 
  the 
  southeast 
  by 
  that 
  series 
  

   of 
  elevated 
  ridges 
  extending 
  northeast 
  and 
  southwest, 
  beginning 
  

   with 
  the 
  Pochunck 
  Mountain 
  on 
  the 
  north, 
  and 
  reaching 
  the 
  

   Delaware 
  River 
  at 
  the 
  Marble 
  Mountain, 
  just 
  north 
  of 
  Easton, 
  

   including 
  as 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  the 
  Scott, 
  Jenny 
  Jump 
  and 
  Alla- 
  

   muchy 
  Mountains. 
  This 
  region 
  contains 
  the 
  greatest 
  elevations 
  

   in 
  the 
  State 
  and 
  resembles 
  in 
  character 
  the 
  adjacent 
  regions 
  of 
  

   Pennsylvania 
  and 
  New 
  York. 
  It 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  at 
  all 
  thoroughly 
  

   collected, 
  Mr. 
  Johnson's 
  records 
  at 
  Dunnfield 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Water 
  

   Gap 
  region 
  forming 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  contributions, 
  and 
  evi- 
  

   dencing 
  the 
  transition 
  characters 
  strongly. 
  Thus 
  far 
  no 
  truly 
  

   boreal 
  elements 
  have 
  been 
  found, 
  but 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  trace 
  in 
  the 
  

   unexplored 
  sections 
  of 
  the 
  mountains. 
  

  

  East 
  and 
  a 
  little 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Appalachian 
  come 
  the 
  Highlands, 
  

   fairly 
  defined 
  at 
  their 
  western 
  border, 
  but 
  very 
  irregular 
  at 
  the 
  

  

  