﻿Order 
  LEPIDOPTERA. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  171. 
  — 
  Wing 
  scales 
  of 
  

   Lepidoptera. 
  

  

  This 
  order 
  contains 
  the 
  butterflies 
  and 
  moths 
  or 
  "millers," 
  characterized 
  

   by 
  the 
  scaly 
  covering 
  or 
  clothing 
  which, 
  except 
  in 
  rare 
  instances, 
  covers 
  

   • 
  both 
  body 
  and 
  wings. 
  The 
  wings 
  are 
  usu- 
  

  

  ally 
  of 
  good 
  size, 
  and 
  both 
  pairs 
  are 
  used 
  in 
  

   flight. 
  In 
  the 
  butterflies 
  the 
  primaries 
  or 
  

   forewings 
  are 
  as 
  large 
  or 
  larger 
  in 
  area 
  

   than 
  the 
  secondaries, 
  in 
  the 
  moths 
  the 
  

   opposite 
  is 
  the 
  case; 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  excep- 
  

   tions 
  to 
  both 
  rules, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  groups 
  the 
  

   females 
  tend 
  to 
  lose 
  the 
  wings 
  altogether. 
  

   The 
  head 
  is 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  thorax 
  by 
  

   a 
  distinct 
  neck, 
  and 
  the 
  mouth 
  parts 
  are 
  

   developed 
  into 
  a 
  long, 
  tube-like 
  tongue 
  

   coiled 
  between 
  the 
  palpi 
  when 
  at 
  rest 
  and 
  

   used 
  only 
  for 
  sucking 
  up 
  liquid 
  food. 
  In 
  

   the 
  adult 
  stage 
  the 
  insects 
  are 
  therefore 
  

   harmless, 
  and 
  the 
  day 
  fliers 
  or 
  butterflies 
  add 
  much 
  to 
  the 
  beauty 
  of 
  the 
  

   fields 
  and 
  roads 
  by 
  their 
  bright 
  coloring, 
  when 
  flitting 
  from 
  flower 
  to 
  

   flower 
  in 
  the 
  sunshine. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  early 
  or 
  larval 
  stages 
  the 
  insects 
  are 
  caterpillars, 
  with 
  mouth 
  

   parts 
  formed 
  for 
  chewing, 
  feeding 
  mostly 
  upon 
  foliage 
  or 
  growing 
  vegeta- 
  

   tion, 
  and 
  therefore 
  injurious. 
  Whenever 
  they 
  feed 
  openly, 
  arsenical 
  or 
  

   other 
  stomach 
  poisons 
  are 
  available 
  against 
  them, 
  and 
  indeed 
  only 
  in 
  

   exceptional 
  cases 
  can 
  any 
  others 
  be 
  satisfactorily 
  used. 
  

  

  Little 
  has 
  been 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  list 
  in 
  the 
  "Macrolepidoptera" 
  since 
  the 
  

   previous 
  edition 
  was 
  published. 
  A 
  comparatively 
  few 
  species 
  have 
  been 
  

   found 
  whose 
  presence 
  was 
  previously 
  suspected 
  or 
  whose 
  range 
  has 
  been 
  

   somewhat 
  extended 
  by 
  col- 
  

   lections, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  "micro- 
  

   lepidoptera" 
  there 
  have 
  

   been 
  great 
  changes. 
  Since 
  

   1899 
  Dietz, 
  Busck, 
  Kear- 
  

   fott 
  and 
  others 
  have 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  numerous 
  species 
  

   and 
  have 
  written 
  revisions 
  

   of 
  genera 
  that 
  have 
  

   changed 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  

   our 
  lists. 
  The 
  work 
  of 
  

   these 
  students 
  has 
  been 
  

   incorporated 
  and 
  used, 
  as 
  

   appears 
  under 
  the 
  special 
  

  

  families 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  contributed. 
  While 
  there 
  will 
  probably 
  be 
  

   many 
  more 
  species 
  added 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  families, 
  they 
  are 
  in 
  very 
  

   much 
  better 
  shape 
  than 
  they 
  were 
  in 
  the 
  previous 
  list, 
  and 
  include 
  the 
  

   species 
  more 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  by 
  the 
  ordinary 
  collector. 
  

  

  (407) 
  

  

  Fig. 
  

  

  . 
  — 
  Section 
  through 
  a 
  butterfly 
  tongue, 
  show- 
  

   ing 
  how 
  it 
  is 
  made 
  up 
  and 
  how 
  the 
  

   two 
  halves 
  are 
  locked. 
  

  

  