﻿THE 
  INSECTS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  JERSEY. 
  

  

  417 
  

  

  Family 
  PIERID^. 
  

  

  This 
  family 
  includes 
  the 
  "cabbage 
  butterflies," 
  and 
  among 
  them 
  are 
  the 
  

   most 
  serious 
  pests 
  of 
  this 
  series. 
  The 
  butterflies 
  are 
  white 
  or 
  yellow, 
  of 
  

   good 
  size, 
  the 
  wings 
  generally 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  black-bordered 
  and 
  with 
  black 
  

   discal 
  spots. 
  The 
  fore 
  tarsi 
  are 
  complete 
  in 
  both 
  sexes, 
  hence 
  these, 
  in 
  

   common 
  with 
  the 
  following 
  families, 
  are 
  six-footed 
  butterflies. 
  The 
  

   chrysalis 
  is 
  angulated 
  and' 
  girthed 
  at 
  its 
  middle 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  fastened 
  at 
  

   the 
  tail. 
  

  

  The 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  cylindrical, 
  usually 
  green, 
  often 
  velvety 
  in 
  ap- 
  

   pearance, 
  without 
  spines 
  or 
  other 
  processes. 
  Some 
  feed 
  on 
  cabbages 
  

   and 
  cruciferous 
  plants 
  generally, 
  others 
  on 
  clovers 
  and 
  leguminous 
  plants. 
  

   When 
  these 
  caterpillars 
  occur 
  on 
  cabbage 
  and 
  similar 
  cultivated 
  plants 
  

   they 
  may 
  be 
  dealt 
  with 
  by 
  arsenites, 
  applied 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  season. 
  If 
  Paris 
  

   green 
  is 
  used 
  there 
  should 
  be 
  one 
  pound 
  of 
  resin 
  soap 
  to 
  each 
  100 
  gal- 
  

   lons 
  of 
  water 
  to 
  give 
  better 
  adhesion. 
  If 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  is 
  used 
  it 
  

   should 
  be 
  applied 
  with 
  force 
  in 
  a 
  fine 
  spray; 
  but 
  even 
  here 
  the 
  soap 
  

   will 
  be 
  an 
  advantage. 
  

  

  PIERIS 
  Schranck. 
  

  

  P. 
  protodice 
  Bdv. 
  Occurs 
  through- 
  

   out 
  the 
  State 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  red 
  

   shale 
  line 
  and 
  sometimes 
  a 
  lit- 
  

   tle 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  it. 
  Lake 
  

   Hopatcong 
  (Pm) 
  and 
  Pater- 
  

   son 
  VII, 
  22-30 
  (Gr), 
  are 
  the 
  

   only 
  records 
  from 
  the 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  State. 
  Some 
  

   seasons 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  common 
  

   throughout 
  its 
  range, 
  and 
  then 
  

   for 
  several 
  years 
  in 
  succession 
  

   only 
  isolated 
  examples 
  are 
  

   seen, 
  or 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  entirely 
  

   absent. 
  

   The 
  variety 
  "vernalis" 
  W. 
  H. 
  Edw 
  

  

  i7Z.—Pier 
  

  

  s 
  protodice: 
  female 
  adult; 
  

   natural 
  size. 
  

  

  has 
  been 
  taken 
  at 
  Paterson 
  VII, 
  26 
  

   .(Gr); 
  Riverton 
  IV, 
  16 
  (Jn) 
  ; 
  Camden 
  V 
  (Carney) 
  and 
  5-mile 
  beach 
  V 
  

   (Haim). 
  

   Eggs 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  pepper 
  plants 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Grossbeck 
  VIII, 
  28, 
  and 
  

  

  cruciferge 
  generally 
  are 
  known 
  as 
  food 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  

   oleracea 
  Bdv. 
  Paterson 
  V, 
  5 
  (Gr) 
  ; 
  Camden 
  (Carney); 
  occurs 
  occa- 
  

   sionally 
  throughout 
  the 
  State, 
  but 
  more 
  frequently 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  

   portion. 
  It 
  is 
  our 
  native 
  cabbage 
  butterfly, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  almost 
  

   exterminated 
  and 
  driven 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  imported 
  species. 
  Only 
  occa- 
  

   sional 
  examples 
  are 
  now 
  found 
  by 
  collectors; 
  in 
  some 
  years 
  none 
  at 
  

   all. 
  

   ^. 
  rapae 
  Linn. 
  March 
  to 
  November, 
  throughout 
  the 
  State. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  

   common 
  cabbage 
  butterfly, 
  introduced 
  from 
  Europe, 
  and 
  which 
  has 
  

   27 
  IN 
  

  

  