﻿Order 
  HYMENOPTERA. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  order 
  the 
  adults 
  have 
  four 
  transparent 
  wings 
  with 
  compara- 
  

   tively 
  few 
  veins 
  and 
  cells, 
  the 
  anterior 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  posterior, 
  the 
  two 
  

   pairs 
  hooked 
  together 
  in 
  flight, 
  naked 
  or 
  clothed 
  with 
  fine 
  hair, 
  never 
  

   with 
  scales. 
  The 
  mouth 
  parts 
  are 
  mandibulate, 
  the 
  tongue 
  often 
  devel- 
  

   oped 
  into 
  a 
  longer 
  or 
  shorter 
  lapping 
  organ. 
  The 
  ovipositor 
  is 
  quite 
  

   usually 
  modified 
  into 
  a 
  sting, 
  an 
  auger, 
  a 
  saw 
  or 
  a 
  drill 
  depending 
  upon 
  

   the 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  insect. 
  The 
  metamorphosis 
  is 
  complete. 
  

  

  This 
  order 
  contains 
  the 
  bees, 
  wasps, 
  ants, 
  saw-flies, 
  ichneumon 
  flies, 
  

   etc., 
  etc., 
  and 
  is 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  beneficial 
  and 
  injurious 
  species, 
  with 
  the 
  

   former 
  largely 
  in 
  the 
  majority. 
  Since 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  the 
  previous 
  

   edition 
  much 
  has 
  been 
  added 
  to 
  our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  this 
  order, 
  and 
  some 
  

   of 
  the 
  groups 
  have 
  been 
  very 
  thoroughly 
  collected 
  in 
  New 
  Jersey. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  list 
  is 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Henry 
  L. 
  Viereck, 
  of 
  the 
  

   U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  who 
  has 
  practically 
  reversed 
  the 
  arrangement 
  

   proposed 
  by 
  the 
  late 
  Dr. 
  Ashmead, 
  placing 
  the 
  saw-flies 
  at 
  the 
  head 
  rather 
  

   than 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  series, 
  and 
  in 
  general 
  modifying 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  the 
  

   species 
  within 
  the 
  families 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  later 
  studies. 
  Mr. 
  Viereck 
  

   has 
  added 
  not 
  only 
  many 
  new 
  records, 
  but 
  much 
  information 
  as 
  to 
  food 
  

   habits 
  of 
  parasitic 
  species, 
  and 
  in 
  general 
  he 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  credited 
  with 
  such 
  

   notes 
  as 
  are 
  not 
  strictly 
  economic 
  or 
  otherwise 
  credited. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  ant 
  families 
  Dr. 
  Wm. 
  Morton 
  Wheeler, 
  of 
  Harvard 
  University, 
  

   has 
  been 
  good 
  enough 
  to 
  prepare 
  the 
  list, 
  and 
  the 
  information 
  as 
  to 
  these 
  

   interesting 
  species 
  is 
  unusually 
  full. 
  In 
  the 
  gall-flies 
  Mr. 
  Wm. 
  Beuten- 
  

   muller, 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  Museum 
  of 
  Natural 
  History, 
  has 
  written 
  the 
  list, 
  

   and 
  this 
  portion 
  also 
  is 
  exceptionally 
  complete. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Chalcids 
  Mr. 
  .1. 
  C. 
  Crawford, 
  of 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  has 
  

   arranged 
  the 
  species 
  to 
  bring 
  the 
  series 
  into 
  accord 
  with 
  his 
  studies. 
  The 
  

   problem 
  of 
  just 
  what 
  to 
  include 
  in 
  this 
  list 
  among 
  the 
  parasites 
  has 
  been 
  

   rather 
  a 
  difficult 
  one. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  are 
  small 
  or 
  very 
  small, 
  and 
  

   some 
  forms 
  are 
  never 
  obtained 
  except 
  by 
  actually 
  breeding 
  them 
  out 
  of 
  

   their 
  host 
  species. 
  The 
  conclusion 
  finally 
  reached 
  was 
  to 
  include 
  those 
  

   species 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  bred 
  out 
  of 
  forms 
  occurring 
  not 
  rarely 
  within 
  the 
  

   State, 
  and 
  in 
  localities 
  that 
  rendered 
  occurrence 
  in 
  New 
  Jersey 
  almost 
  a 
  

   certainty. 
  A 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  species 
  listed 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  edition 
  

   have 
  been 
  fully 
  authenticated 
  in 
  the 
  present. 
  It 
  is 
  belived 
  that 
  the 
  addi- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  these 
  species 
  will 
  stimulate 
  search 
  and 
  study, 
  and 
  I 
  fully 
  expect 
  

   that 
  nearly 
  all 
  will 
  be 
  actually 
  found 
  within 
  the 
  next 
  decade. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  names 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  edition 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  this, 
  either 
  because 
  

   the 
  species 
  has 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  so 
  distributed 
  that 
  its 
  occurrence 
  in 
  New 
  

   Jersey 
  is 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  expected 
  or 
  because, 
  as 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Ashmead's 
  

   species, 
  the 
  names 
  were 
  never 
  sanctioned 
  by 
  actual 
  description. 
  A 
  few 
  

   of 
  the 
  mss. 
  names 
  are 
  included, 
  however, 
  to 
  call 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  occur- 
  

   rence 
  of 
  a 
  species 
  and 
  their 
  status 
  is 
  noted. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  saw-flies 
  Prof. 
  Alex. 
  D. 
  MacGillivray 
  has 
  looked 
  over 
  the 
  manu- 
  

   script 
  and 
  has 
  added 
  information 
  and 
  suggestions. 
  

  

  . 
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