﻿738 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  NEW 
  JERSEY 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM. 
  

  

  NEMOTELUS 
  Geoff. 
  

   N. 
  carbonarius 
  Loew. 
  Avalon 
  VI, 
  8, 
  Anglesea 
  VII, 
  4, 
  Cape 
  May 
  VI, 
  14. 
  

   N. 
  crassus 
  Loew. 
  Lenola 
  V, 
  30. 
  

  

  OXYCERA 
  Meigen. 
  

  

  O. 
  maculata 
  Oliv. 
  Merchantville 
  VI, 
  28, 
  Clementon 
  V, 
  30, 
  Lenola 
  (Jn) 
  ; 
  

   Egg 
  Harbor 
  VII, 
  10 
  (Coll). 
  

  

  PACHYGASTER 
  Meigen. 
  

   P. 
  pulcherLoew. 
  Avalon 
  VII, 
  22. 
  

  

  Family 
  TABANID^. 
  

  

  These 
  are 
  moderate 
  or 
  large 
  species, 
  popularly 
  known 
  as 
  "horse-flies," 
  

   but 
  locally 
  and 
  referring 
  to 
  special 
  types, 
  also 
  as 
  "gad-flies," 
  "deer-flies," 
  

   "ear-flies," 
  "golden-eyed 
  flies," 
  "strawberry 
  flies," 
  etc. 
  They 
  have 
  short, 
  

   broad 
  heads, 
  enormous, 
  often 
  gaily 
  colored 
  eyes, 
  flattened 
  abdomen, 
  and 
  

   short 
  though 
  many-jointed 
  antennae. 
  The 
  mouth 
  parts 
  consist 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  

   of 
  sharp, 
  pointed 
  lancets, 
  four 
  in 
  the 
  male, 
  six 
  in 
  the 
  female, 
  inclosed 
  in 
  

   a 
  soft, 
  fleshy 
  labella 
  or 
  lip. 
  The 
  males 
  live 
  on 
  plant 
  nectar, 
  and 
  do 
  not 
  

   "bite," 
  but 
  the 
  females 
  attack 
  animals 
  of 
  all 
  kinds 
  and 
  are 
  often 
  a 
  

   serious 
  annoyance 
  to 
  stock. 
  They 
  frequent 
  woods 
  or 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  wood- 
  

   land, 
  low 
  meadows 
  or 
  marshy 
  places, 
  and, 
  as 
  Mr. 
  Daecke 
  interestingly 
  

   shows, 
  the 
  species 
  are 
  often 
  present 
  in 
  very 
  limited 
  areas. 
  They 
  are 
  

   often 
  troublesome 
  in 
  wood 
  roads, 
  because, 
  with 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  of 
  these 
  

   flies 
  buzzing 
  about, 
  horses 
  may 
  be 
  driven 
  almost 
  frantic; 
  and 
  so 
  sharp 
  

   and 
  rigid 
  are 
  the 
  mouth 
  structures 
  that 
  blood 
  appears 
  almost 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  

   the 
  insects 
  strike. 
  The 
  species 
  along 
  shore 
  are 
  usually 
  light 
  in 
  color, 
  

   the 
  eyes 
  green, 
  whence 
  the 
  term 
  "green-heads" 
  that 
  is 
  applied 
  to 
  them. 
  

   The 
  larger 
  species 
  of 
  "Tabanus" 
  do 
  not 
  often 
  attack 
  man, 
  but 
  the 
  species 
  

   of 
  "Chrysops" 
  are 
  frequently 
  troublesome 
  in 
  the 
  woods. 
  

  

  In 
  some 
  localities 
  the 
  flies 
  are 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  to 
  stock, 
  and 
  in 
  such 
  

   places 
  much 
  good 
  can 
  be 
  done 
  by 
  collecting 
  the 
  flies. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  a 
  

   few 
  animals 
  that 
  are 
  especially 
  liable 
  to 
  attack, 
  and 
  from 
  such 
  the 
  flies 
  

   can 
  be 
  collected 
  with 
  a 
  small 
  net 
  in 
  such 
  quantities 
  as 
  to 
  materially 
  

   reduce 
  the 
  supply. 
  As 
  each 
  female 
  fly 
  may 
  lay 
  from 
  200 
  to 
  500 
  eggs, 
  the 
  

   effect 
  upon 
  the 
  future 
  generations 
  will 
  be 
  decidedly 
  marked. 
  The 
  attack 
  

   may 
  be 
  even 
  concentrated 
  on 
  a 
  few 
  gentle 
  animals 
  by 
  treating 
  the 
  others 
  

   with 
  fish 
  oil 
  soap, 
  to 
  which 
  a 
  little 
  crude 
  carbolic 
  acid 
  has 
  been 
  added. 
  

  

  The 
  larvse 
  are 
  elongated, 
  somewhat 
  flattened 
  creatures, 
  living 
  in 
  the 
  

   mud 
  along 
  water 
  courses 
  and 
  in 
  swamps, 
  and 
  they 
  feed 
  upon 
  the 
  organic 
  

   material 
  found 
  in 
  such 
  places. 
  Clearing 
  and 
  draining 
  will 
  gradually 
  re- 
  

   duce 
  breeding 
  places 
  as 
  the 
  lands 
  are 
  brought 
  under 
  cultivation. 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  list 
  has 
  been 
  prepared 
  by 
  Mr. 
  V. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Daecke, 
  who 
  has 
  

   made 
  a 
  special 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  this 
  family, 
  and 
  in 
  general, 
  when 
  

   not 
  otherwise 
  credited, 
  the 
  records 
  are 
  his, 
  as 
  are 
  also 
  the 
  changes 
  made 
  

   in 
  nomenclature 
  from 
  the 
  previous 
  edition. 
  

  

  