358 DICTIONARY OF BIRDS 
of Richardson and Swainson have already been noticed ; but they need 
naming here, as also does Nuttall’s Manual of the Ornithology of the United 
States and of Canada (2 vols. 1832-34; vol. i. ed. 2, 1840); the Birds 
of Long Island (8vo, 1844) by Giraud, remarkable for its excellent 
account of the habits of shore-birds ; and of course the Birds of North 
America (4to, 1858) by Baird, with the co-operation of Cassin and 
Lawrence, which originally formed a volume (ix.) of what are known 
as the “ Pacific Railroad Reports.” Apart from these special works the 
scientific journals of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington 
contain innumerable papers on the Ornithology of the country, while in 
1876 the Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club began to appear, and 
continued until 1884, when it was superseded by The Auk, established 
solely for the promotion of Ornithology in America, and numbering 
among its supporters almost every American ornithologist of repute, its 
present editors being Dr. Allen and Mr. F. M. Chapman. 
Of Canada, unfortunately, not much is to be said. It is hard to under- 
stand why zoological studies have never found such favour there as further 
to the southward, but this is undoubtedly the fact, and no ornithological 
work can be cited of which the Dominion as a whole can be proud, 
though Mr. M‘Ilwraithe’s Birds of Ontario, of which an enlarged edition 
appeared in 1894, is a fair piece of local work. 
Returning to the Old World, among the countries whose Ornithology 
will most interest British readers we have first Iceland, the fullest— 
indeed the only full—account of the Birds of which is Faber’s Prodromus 
der isliindischen Ornithologie (8vo, 1822), though the island has since been 
visited by several good ornithologists, Proctor, Kriiper and Wolley 
among them. A list of its Birds, with some notes, bibliographical and 
biological, has been given as an Appendix to Mr. Baring-Gould’s Iceland, 
ats Scenes and Sagas (8vo, 1862); and Mr. Shepherd’s North-west Peninsula 
of Iceland (8vo, 1867) recounts a somewhat profitless expedition made 
thither expressly for ornithological objects.1_ For the Birds of the Feroes 
there is Herr H. C. Miiller’s Peréernes Fuglefauwna (8vo, 1862), of which 
a German translation has appeared.2 The Ornithology of Norway has 
been treated in a great many papers by Herr Collett, some of which may 
be said to have been separately published as Norges Fugle (8vo, 1868 ; 
with a supplement, 1871), and The Ornithology of Northern Norway (8vo, 
1872)—this last in English, while an English translation by Mr. A. H. 
Cocks (London : 1894) has been published of one of the author’s latest 
works, a popular account of Bird-Life in Arctic Norway, communicated to 
the Second International Congress of Ornithology in 1892. For Scandi- 
navia generally the latest work is Herr Collin’s Skandinaviens Fugle (8vo, 
1 Two papers by Messrs. Backhouse and W. E. Clarke, and Carter and Slater 
(Ibis, 1885, p. 864; 1886, p. 45) should be consulted, as well as one by Messrs. H. 
J. and C. E. Pearson (op. cit. 1895, pp. 287-249), which gives a list of the species 
hitherto recorded there. Herr Gréndal has also a list and an ornithological report on 
a (Ornis, 1886, pp. 355, 601), with a dissertation on birds’ names (op. cit. 1887, 
p. : 
2 Journ. fiir Orn. 1869, pp. 107, 341, 381. One may almost say an English 
translation also, for Col. Feilden’s contribution to the Zoologist for 1872 on the same 
subject gives the most essential part of Herr Miiller’s information. 
