ANHIMA—ANSERES 19 
organs. Of course every one of such one-sided attempts will 
occasionally shew a rather perplexing face, but each of them will 
bring to light some unexpected points of resemblance between 
certain groups; and, while restricting ourselves to one organic 
system, we are more likely to understand which points are given 
to modifications through mode of life, food, habit, and surroundings, 
and which remain least affected, and therefore are indicative of 
relationship. Let us then combine the several one-sided arrange- 
ments. They will each of them contribute something good or 
certain, and thus help to settle the great question. Reasoning from 
a broad basis of facts will do the rest. 
ANHIMA or ANHINGA, see SNAKE-BIRD. 
ANTI, according to Marcgrave (Hist. Ker. Nat. Brasilix, p. 193), 
the Brazilian name of what is the Crotophaga major of modern 
ornithologists, who have ignorantly misapplied Linneeus’s designa- 
tion, C. ani, to its smaller congener, an inhabitant of the Antilles 
and part of the Spanish Main. This latter is known to most 
of the English-speaking people of the West Indies as the Black 
Witch or Savanna Blackbird. The genus Crotophaga is one of 
the most remarkable forms of the Cuculidz (CUcKow) of the New 
World. 
ANISODACTYLI, Vieillot’s name, in 1816 (Analyse, p. 29), 
for the second tribe of his second Order, comprehending all the 
PASSERES of Linneus and such of the latter’s Pica as had not two 
toes before and two behind. By some later authors the name has 
been restricted to the genera which are not ZYGODACTYLI and are 
yet placed among the SCANSORES. 
ANKLE-JOINT. The true ankle-joint is a Mammalian feature, 
being the articulation of the tibia with the astragalus, and therefore 
a tibio-tarsal joint. In Birds the so-called ankle-joint is an inter- 
tarsal joint, because the proximal tarsal bones, of which the astra-’ 
galus is one, are fused with the end of the tibia, and the distal 
tarsal are fused with the metatarsal bones (see SKELETON). 
ANOMALOGONAT A, the second of the two subclasses, the 
other being called HoMALOGONATA, into which Garrod at one 
time divided Birds, according as they possessed an AMBIENS 
muscle or not (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, pp. 116-118). In the 
Homalogonatous or “typically-kneed” birds “the ambiens runs 
in the tendon of the knee,” though there are some of them in which 
it is absent; but “there cannot be any Anomalogonatous birds in 
which it is present.” For the groups which are contained in these 
categories, see INTRODUCTION. 
ANSERES, the third Order of the Class Aves according to the 
system of Linneus, comprising all the Web-footed Birds known to 
