ARTAMUS—A UK 
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used for the species of the genus Ceriornis, also known as Tragopans, 
which are supposed to have more affinity to the true PHEASANTS. 
In each case the ocellated plumage has suggested the allusion to 
the well-known personage in classical mythology. 
ARTAMUS, a genus of true Passerine birds founded by Vieillot, 
and of late use as an English word. They are the ‘“ Wood- 
Swallows” or ‘“Swallow-Shrikes” of some authors, and by many 
are considered to be the nearest neighbours of the Hirundinidx 
(SWALLOW), making some approach to them in their long wings, 
and habit of catching insects in continuous flights. If it be granted 
from their possessing patches of PowbER-DOWN that they should 
form a separate Family Artamide, its true alliance must still be 
guessed at. Some 15 species have been described, more than half 
of them being found in Australia, while one inhabits India. 
ARTERY (adj. arterial). Arteries are the vessels through 
which the blood leaves the heart ; no matter if this blood be arterial 
or venous, as, for instance, is that which flows through the pul- 
monary arteries (see VASCULAR SYSTEM). 
ATTEAL, ATTEILE or ATTILE, a word, presumably a bird’s 
name, occurring with variations of spelling in many old Scottish 
records (as, for example, in 1600, Act. Jac. VI. cap. 23), and 
apparently used in Orkney for some kind of Duck so lately as 1848 
according to Baikie and Heddle (Hist. Nat. Oread. p. 79), who, 
possibly by mistake, apply it to the PocHARD. The same was done 
in 1886 by Mr. Thomas Edmondston (Htymolog. Glossary of the 
Shetland and Orkney Dialect), who associates it with the old Norsk 
Tjaldr, which he calls “ Turdus marinus,” Dut is properly the 
OYSTER-CATCHER. Of unknown etymology, it may be connected 
with the Scandinavian Afteling-And or Atling, which again may be 
cognate with Zaling, the Dutch for TEAL. 
AUK (Teutonic 4/k), the old English name for the RAzoR-BILL, 
and perhaps the GUILLEMOT, of modern writers ; but as applied to 
the former now only in provincial use, 
though maintained in a collective sense for 
members of the Family Alcide. With the 
prefix “Great” or “Little,” it signifies 
respectively the GARE-FOWL and the bird 
so well known to Arctic seamen as the 
ROTCHE. 
The greatest number of forms belong- 
Tae et oe (After ing to this Family inhabit the North Pacifie, 
ba and have been separated into various genera. 
Some of them exhibit the seasonal shedding of the outgrowths on 
the sheath of the bill and on the head that, as in the PUFFIN, are 
