56 BRAIN—BRAMBLE-FINCH 
ganglion of the vagus and with the large sympathetic g. cervicale 
supremum, receiving a strong branch from the stem of the vagus, 
and dividing into two branches :—One, the pharyngeal branch, sup- 
plying the upper portion of the pharynx and the gustatory papille 
of the palate; the other, or lingual branch, supplying the glottis, 
larynx, and the tongue, and acting chiefly as the nerve of taste. 
X. N. vagus or pneumogastricus arises behind the glossopha- 
ryngeal (IX), and passes likewise through the jugular foramen. Its 
ganglion is connected with that of the glossopharyngeal and with 
that of the sympathetic system. The stem of this nerve receives a 
branch from the. hypoglossal (XII) and takes up the accessory (XI). 
It runs down the side of the cesophagus, enters the thoracic cavity 
between the brachial nerve plexus and the carotid artery, then 
passes between the bronchus and the subclavian artery to the 
ventral side of the proventriculus, and joining its fellow from the 
other side, spreads out to supply the stomach. Other branches 
leave the principal stem of each vagus at the level of the bronchi 
to supply the liver, heart, and lungs, and as the recurrent laryngeal 
branch also supply the distal portion of the trachea and cesophagus. 
Some fibres of the vagus often extend beyond the stomach, and are 
connected with the sympathetic nerves of the trunk, supplying part 
of the intestinal canal. 
XI. N. accessorius, a little nerve taking its origin between 
the dorsal and ventral roots of the third cervical nerve, runs 
upwards through the occipital foramen into the cranium, and joins 
the ganglion of the vagus (X), to leave the cranium with the latter 
and to supply the cucullaris muscle or constrictor colli. 
XII. N. hypoglossus arises ventro-laterally from the medulla 
oblongata, and leaves the cranium by two foramina in the lateral 
occipital bone, in front of and sidewards from the occipital condyle. 
It supplies the m. complexus, forms a connecting loop with the first 
cervical nerve, innervates some of the cervical muscles, and divides 
into two branches—one of which supplies most of the muscles of the 
tongue and communicates with its fellow on the undersurface of 
the tongue, while the other innervates the muscles of the larynx, 
and then descends along the side of the trachea to the syrinx in 
order to supply the vocal muscles and membranes. 
BRAMBLE-FINCH or BRAMBLING (Germ. Brimling), names 
of one of the most beautiful of our annual visitors, ringilla monti- 
fringilla, which has its home in the birch-forests of Northern 
Europe and Asia, whence it yearly proceeds, often in flocks of 
thousands, to pass the winter in more southern countries. It is 
congeneric with the CHAFFINCH, but is still more brightly coloured, 
especially in summer, when the brown edges of the feathers being 
shed, it presents a rich combination of black, white, and orange. 
