58 BRONCHI—BRUBRU 
be its true place as belonging to the OLIGOMYODE as that term is 
used in this work; but the Hurylemidx, so far as they have been 
examined, differ from all other PASSERES in “their retention of a 
plantar vinculum,” as first noticed by Garrod (Proc. Zool. Soc. 
1877, p. 449), which fact led W. A. Forbes to propose for them 
further separation as DESMODACTYLI (op. cit. 1880, p. 390). But 
what seems to be a stronger reason for separating them is that, as 
Mr. Sclater had already shewn (Jbis, 1872, p. 179), the manubrium, 
or anterior projection of the sternum, is not forked as in other 
PassErES. According to him in 1888 (Cat. B. Br. Mus. xiv. pp. 
454-470) the Eurylemide comprehend two subfamilies, Calypto- 
mening, consisting of the genus Calyptomena only, and Eurylemine, 
containing six genera, two of which, Psarisomus and Serilophus,! are 
found in India, while examples of all the rest, the Philippine Sarco- 
phanops excepted, occur in British territory further to the eastward. 
They are nearly all birds of great beauty, and the two species of 
Calyptomena are remarkable for their rich green plumage, and the 
way in which the frontal feathers project upwards and forwards, so 
as almost to conceal the bill, and being adpressed form a disk-like 
prominence. They are frugivorous, but the Lurylemine seem to 
be insectivorous. Not much is recorded of their habits, but they 
are said to be stupid, songless birds, and usually keep in small 
flocks. (Cf. Oates, B. Br. Burmah, i. pp. 422-431.) 
BRONCHLI, adj. bronchial, from Bpoyxos, the windpipe. The 
thoracic end of the TRACHEA is divided into a right and a left 
bronchus. Each bronchus enters the lung of its side and passes 
through its whole length as mesobronchium, from which go off about 
10 secondary bronchi towards the surface of the LuNG. In almost 
all birds—the exceptions being the Cathartide, true Storks, and 
Steatornis—the bronchi are strengthened by cartilaginous semirings ; 
the ends of these rings point towards the median line, and are 
closed by the inner tympaniform membrane. ‘The right and left 
membranes are connected with each other by an elastic band, called 
bronchidesmus. All the rings which partake of the formation of 
the pessulus of the trachea belong to the latter, the pessulus thus 
marking the beginning of the bronchi (see also TRACHEA and SYRINX). 
BRONZE-WING, the name given in Australia to several 
species of PIGkON belonging to the genera or so-called genera 
Phaps, Geophaps, Lophophaps, and Ocyphaps, from the lustrous coppery 
or bronze-like spots they display on their wings. 
BRUBRU, the name (apparently originating with Levaillant) 
of a conspicuously-coloured SHRIKE, the Nilaus brubru or N. capensis 
of modern: ornithology. 
1 The style of plumage in this genus recalls that of Ampelis (WAXWING), 
but no affinity thereto can be thought to exist. 
