70 CALANDER—CANARY-BIRD 
diversified group of birds, like Waders, Pigeons, Spheniscide, and 
others, have cxca in various stages of development, but it would 
be a hopeless attempt to explain this diversity in particular instances 
by reference to the preponderance of animal over vegetable diet, of 
which in wild birds we know so very little. 
CALANDER (“Chalaundre” and “Chelaundre,” Chaucer, 
Romaunt of the Rose), Fr. Calandre, and Ital. Calandra, both from the 
Latin caliendrum (a head-dress of false hair), a species of Lark, the 
Alauda calandra of Linneus, and the Melanocorypha calandra of 
later writers, described by Willughby after Olina, and figured by 
Edwards (Gleanings, pl. 268) as coming from Carolina, a curious 
mistake, for the bird is not American, but a well-known inhabitant 
of Europe, though no proof of its occurrence in Britain has been 
given. It may easily be recognized by its large size, thick bill, 
and interrupted black collar. 
CALAO, the name under which some old writers wrote of the 
HornBILLs ; generally adopted for them in French, and found also 
in scientific nomenclature. 
CALAW or CALLOO—generally followed by “Duck”—a 
Shetland name of the Long-tailed Duck. 
CALICO-BIRD, one of the many names given to the TURN- 
STONE on the east coast of North America (Trumbull, Names and 
Portr. of B. p. 186). 
CAMPEPHAGA (Caterpillar-eater), the scientific name of a 
genus of birds bestowed by Vieillot, and anglified by Gould for 
certain Australian 
forms, which, if 
not belonging tothe 
Lanuidx (SHRIKE), 
are apparently in- 
termediate  be- 
tween that Family 
and the Corvidx 
(Crow). By some 
writers they are 
regarded as a separate group, Campephagidx, to which are attached 
several other forms that inhabit not only Australia, but the Indian 
and Ethiopian Regions. This view will very likely prove correct ; 
but it would be at present premature to trace the limits of the 
group, of which Ceblepyris may be an extreme example. One of 
their characteristics is the stiffened shaft of the rump-feathers, so 
as to feel spinous to the touch (cf. also OXYNOTUS). 
CANARY-BIRD, a FINcH so-called from the islands whence it 
was apparently first brought, the Mringilla canaria of Linneeus, and 
CAMPEPHAGA. CrsBLepyris. (After Swainson.) 
