82 CHACHALACA—CHAFFINCH 
George IV, to the Gardens of the Zoological Society at its founda- 
tion. Indeed, it is not at all improbable that there are more living 
examples at this time in Europe than in Australia, where even 
when Gould was there he found it to have been extirpated in places 
where a few years before it had been abundant. 
Additional interest is imparted to this by the discovery in New 
Zealand of remains originally attributed by Sir R. Owen (Proc. Zool. 
Soc. 1865, p. 488) to the Dinornithine group (Moa) under the 
name of Cnemiornis calcitrans, and subsequently fully described by 
him (Trans. Zool. Soc. v. pp. 395-404, pls. Ixiii.-Ixvii.). The acquisi- 
tion in 1872 of a further collection of bones of this extinct bird 
enabled Sir James Hector to recognize in it a large Goose, probably 
allied to Cereopsis and of similar habits, but in which the power of 
flight had become obsolete, and as such he described it before the 
Wellington Philosophical Society, 18th August 1873 (Trans. N. Zeal. 
Inst. vi. pp. 76-84, pls. x.-xiv.A), communicating his results also to 
the Zoological Society of London, in whose Proceedings for the same 
year they will be found (pp. 763-771, pls. Ixv.-lxviii.), as well as to 
Sir R. Owen, who lost no time in preparing an additional memoir 
on the subject, subsequently published in that Society’s Transactions 
(ix. pp. 253-272, pls. xxxv.-xxxix.), and acquiescing in Sir James’s 
determination of the position and relations of this remarkable 
form. A good many more of its bones have since been obtained, 
and no doubt can exist on the subject, though the precise epoch at 
which it became extinct cannot be regarded as settled. 
CHACHALACA or CHIACALACCA, so called in Texas from its 
ery (Coues, Key N. Am. B. p. 573), Ortalis maccalli (see GUAN). 
CHAFFINCH, a well-known bird, the Fringilla celebs} of orni- 
thology, which may be regarded as the type-form of the Fringillide 
(FincH). This handsome and sprightly species, which is so 
common throughout the whole of Europe, requires no description. 
Conspicuous by his variegated plumage, his peculiar call-note 7, and 
his glad song, the cock is almost everywhere a favourite.. In 
Algeria our Chaffinch is replaced by a closely-allied species, F. 
spodogenia, while in the Atlantic Islands it is represented by two 
others, F. tintillon and F. teydea—all of which, while possessing 
1 This fanciful trivial name was given by Linneus on the supposition (which 
later observations do not entirely confirm) that in Sweden the hens of the species 
migrated southward in autumn, leaving the cocks to lead a celibate life till 
spring. It is certain, however, that in some localities the sexes live apart during 
the winter. 
2 This call-note, which to many ears sounds like ‘‘ pink” or ‘‘ spink,” not 
only gives the bird a name in many parts of Britain, but is also obviously the 
origin of the German Fink and our Finch. The similar Celtic form Pine is said 
to have given rise to the Low Latin Pincio, and thence come the Italian Pincione, 
the Spanish Pinzon, and the French Pinson. 
