142 DIGESTIVE S VSP 
descending branch lies, when viewed from the ventral side, to the 
right of the second or ascending branch; both invariably enclose 
the PANCREAS. 
A loop which runs in the same way as the duodenum may be 
termed right-handed, and one running in the opposite way is left- 
handed, i.e. its descending branch lies to the left of the ascending 
branch. Again, if the intestine forms a number of (mostly closed) 
loops, which run parallel with each other in the long axis of the 
body, we term this arrangement orthocwlous, or straight-gutted. 
as Bees ; acs. - ae 
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g h 
DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE INTESTINAL 
Loops WHEN SEEN FROM THE RIGHT SIDE. 
a. Isoccelous. b. Anticcelous. c. Anti-Periccelous. d. Iso-Periccelous. 
e. Cyclocelous. J, g. Plagioccelous. h. Telogyrous. 
The descending branches of the loops are marked by black lines, the ascending or return- 
ing branches are dotted. 
The first and third loops in fig. b are ‘‘ right-handed,” the second is “‘left-handed”’; in fig. ¢ 
the second is ‘‘left-,” the third ‘‘ right-handed,” ete. 
(From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1889.) 
Tf, on the other hand, some of the loops form a spiral, we dis- 
tinguish this formation as cyclocelous. 
Of the vrthocwlous type the following modifications deserve espe- 
cial remark with reference to the second and third loops; the first, 
or duodenal, loop is invariably right-handed, and therefore needs 
no further comment. 
I. Isocwlous—The second and third, and, if present, also the 
fourth loop are all closed and left-handed. The second is most 
dorsally situated, the third to the right of it, the fourth to the 
