DINORNIS—DIVER 151 
LIimicolx, as the DoTTEREL, GODWIT, PHALAROPE, and Rhynchea or 
Painted SNIPE, as well as in some of the Turnicide (HEMIPODE). 
No single explanation that will fit all these cases seems possible ; 
but in those of the Limicolx just mentioned, it is to be remarked 
that the females are not only larger but are more conspicuously 
coloured than the males, which latter are believed to perform 
exclusively the duty of incubation. In the lower classes of Ver- 
tebrates the production of the often numerous eggs may be the 
original cause of the greater size of the females. 
DINORNIS, see Moa. 
DIPPER, a name now in general use for the Water-OUSEL, 
but apparently invented in 1804 by the author of Bewick’s British 
Dirds (ed. 1, ii. p. 17) because “it may be seen perched on the top 
of a stone in the midst of the torrent, in a continual dipping motion, 
or short courtesy often repeated,” and not (as commonly is sup- 
posed) from its habit of entering the water in search of its food. 
DISHWASHER, a common name in many parts of England, 
especially in the south, by which the Pied WacraiL, Motacilla 
lugubris, is known; and given also in Australia to Siswra inquieta 
(FLYCATCHER). 
DIVER, a name that when applied to a bird is commonly used 
in a sense even more vague than that of Loom, several of the Sea- 
Ducks or Fuligulin# and MERGANSERS being frequently so called, 
to say nothing of certain of the AUKS or Alcid# and GREBES ; but 
in English ornithological works the term Diver is generally re- 
stricted to the Family known as Colymbidz, a very well-marked 
group of aquatic birds, possessing great, though not exceptional, 
powers of submergence, and consisting of a single genus Colymbus 
(or Eudytes of some writers)’ which is composed of three or four 
species, all confined to the northern hemisphere. This Family 
belongs to the CkcoMOoRPH# of Prof. Huxley, and is usually sup- 
posed to occupy a place between the Alcidx and Podicipedidx ; but 
to which of those groups it is most closely related is at present 
undecided. Brandt in 1837 (Beitr. Naturgesch. Vogel, pp. 124-132) 
pointed out the osteological differences of the Grebes and the 
Divers, urging the affinity of the latter to the Auks ; while, thirty 
years later, Prof. Alphonse Milne-Edwards (Ois. foss. France, 1. 
pp. 279-283) inclined to the opposite view, chiefly relying on the 
similarity of a peculiar formation of the tibia in the Grebes and 
Divers,” which indeed is very remarkable, and, in the latter group, 
1 By these writers the name Colymbus is generally used for what others term 
Podiceps, more correctly written Podicipes. Americans of late prefer Urinator. 
2 The remains of Colymboides minutus, from the Miocene of Langy, described 
by this naturalist in the work just cited, seem to shew it to have been a general- 
ized form. Unfortunately its ¢ibia is unknown. 
