194. ELEUTHERODACTYLI—EMBRYOLOGY 
Arctic Expedition does not seem to have met with it after leaving 
the Danish settlements, and its place is taken by an allied species, 
the King-Duck, S. spectabilis, a very beautiful bird which sometimes 
appears on the British coasts. The female greatly resembles that 
of the Eider, but the male has a black chevron on his chin and a 
bright orange prominence on 
his forehead, which last seems 
to have given the species its 
English name. On the west 
coast of North America the 
Hider is represented by a 
Kixc-Duck, § (After Swainson.) Paes e nye with a 
; like chevron, but otherwise 
resembling the Atlantic bird. In the same waters two other fine 
species are also found, S. fischeri and S. sfelleri, the latter of which 
also inhabits the Arctic coast of Russia and East Finmark, and has 
twice reached England. The Labrador Duck, S. labradoria, which 
is now believed to be extinct (see EXTERMINATION), also belongs to 
this group. 
ELEUTHERODACTYLI, Forbes’s name (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, 
p. 390) for all the PASSERES except the DESMODACTYLI or 
Eurylemide (BROADBILL), but 
ELEUTHERODACTYLOUS is sometimes said of any bird 
which has its toes free and not connected by a web, or otherwise 
bound together ; equivalent to Fissipedal of some older authors. 
ELK (Icelandic A//t), a name formerly used, but perhaps now 
obsolete, for the ordinary Wild or Whooper-Swan, 
EMBER (otherwise IMMER) GOOSE—Dan. Jmber ; Sw. Immer, 
and Emmer ; Icel. Himbrim—a name applied in the northern Islands 
of Britain to the Great Northern DIVER. 
EMBRYOLOGY, from éuBpvov, a growth within. Very few types 
of Birds have been studied embryologically, and for obvious reasons 
the common Fowl has always been the favourite; but recently 
the early development of the Duck, Goose, Pigeon, Starling, Melo- 
psittacus, and Apteryx has also been investigated.t Later embryonic 
stages being more easily procured and preserved by field-ornitho- 
logists have been studied in a greater number of species, such as 
the Ostrich, Gulls, Guillemots, and the Rook, besides the forms 
mentioned above. ‘These investigations have, however, shewn that 
the variations in the early development of different Birds are only 
of general importance. Until about the fifth or sixth day of 
1M. Braun, ‘“‘Die Entwicklung des Wellenpapageis,” Arbeit. der zool.-bvt. 
Inst. Wiirzburg (1879), v. pts. ii. and iii. 
