FOSSIL BIRDS 285 
while from Steinheim and other places in Bavaria we have several 
kinds of birds recorded by Dr. Oscar Fraas,! and the writer (loc. 
cit.) These include Anas, Ardea, Elornis, Ibis, Larus, Otis, Palx- 
lodus, and Pelecanus. Anas apparently has also been recorded by 
Count T. Salvadori (Mem. Acc. Torino, ser. 2, xxiv. p. 225) from the 
Middle Miocene of Monte Bamboli in Italy; while Chenornis 
described by Prof. Portis (op. cit. xxxvi. art. 3, p. 6) from other 
Miocene beds of Ceva, in the same country, may belong to the 
Anseres. From the Miocene of Radaboj, in Croatia, the foot of a 
bird has been assigned by Hermann von Meyer to Fringilla; while 
a humerus from that of Germany has been made the type of the 
genus Ardeucites by Haushalter, being apparently allied to the 
Herons. From the Upper Miocene of iningen, on the border of 
Baden and Switzerland, we have remains of Anas, Anser, Phasianus, 
and Yotanus. In the Miocene of Colorado and New Jersey Prof. 
Marsh has detected bones of Meleagris, Puffinus, Sula, and Uria, all 
existing genera; but the first being especially suggestive, since it 
is one of the most characteristic forms of the New World. 
The Pliocene ornitholites, possibly from less favourable con- 
ditions for their preservation, are less numerous than those of the 
Miocene. From Pikermi in Attica Prof. Gaudry has described a 
Gallus, somewhat larger than G. sonnerati (the grey Jungle-FowL of 
India), a Phasianus, a large Grus, and an undetermined Stork. 
Amphipelargus of the present writer (Cat. Foss. B. Br. Mus. p. 68) 
is a large Stork from the equivalent beds of Samos. From the 
Sivalik Hills, on the southern flanks of the Himalayas, we have a 
Struthio (OSTRICH) and a Ratite with three toes, to which he has 
given (op. cit. p. 354) the name of Hypselornis, as well as Leptoptilus, 
Pelecanus and Phalacrocorax. The fossil egg of a bird, called 
Struthiolithus by Prof. Alexander Brandt (Bull. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. 
xvill. pp. 158-161; Jbis, 1874, p. 4), and found near Cherson, 
possibly belongs also to Struthio. Very noteworthy is the discovery 
of Diomedea (ALBATROS) in the Suffolk Crag (Q. Journ. Geol. Soc. 
xlili. p. 366). From the Upper Pliocene of the Val d’Arno Prof. 
Portis has recorded Fuligula, Totanus, and Uria; but from that of 
France the only well-determined form is a Gallus from Auvergne, 
though traces of other birds have been noticed. From the Pliocene 
of North America Prof. Marsh has described remains of Aquila, 
Grus, and Phalacrocoraz; while others, among them a GROUSE, 
Palxotetriz, are reported by Dr. Shufeldt. 
By far the greater portion of the remains of Birds from the 
Plistocene seem to be generically if not specifically identical with 
those now inhabiting the district in which they occur, and it 
must suffice here to mention those which shew a former range more 
extensive than at present, or have become extinct, presumably with- 
1 Die Fauna von Steinheim. Stuttgart: 1870, 
