GALLE Y-BIRD—GAMBET 299 
the stomach into the beginning of the two arms of the duodenal 
loop. It is present in most Birds, but generally absent in the 
Columbidx, Psittact, and Trochilidx, as also in Cuculus, Numida, 
Struthio, and Rhea. Its absence has also been noted as an individual 
peculiarity in Grus, Mergus, Numenius, Tringa, and others; while as 
a like individual peculiarity it has, on the other hand, been known 
to occur in Cockatoos, Cuculus, Pigeons (despite the almost proverbial 
belief to the contrary), and hea—a fact which shews it to be of 
minor importance. Its shape is very variable, and in the Capitonide, 
Picidx, and Rhamphastide it is very peculiar, being a long narrow blind 
sac, accompanying the duodenum far down. The bile, on leaving 
the liver, enters the duodenal loop of the intestine by two “ hepato- 
enteric” ducts (of which that coming from its left lobe most. fre- 
quently opens into the middle of the loop or its ascending branch, 
and but rarely—as in Struthio and the Columbidx—near the pyloric 
end) ; while the right duct forms by its dilatation the gall-bladder, 
and consists therefore of a cysto-hepatic and a cysto-enteric duct. 
When the gall-bladder is absent the right lobe of the liver is 
emptied by a simple hepato-enteric duct. Sometimes one of these 
ducts is obliterated, as the right one is in Struthio, or one of them 
is double, as in certain Cracidx, so that three ducts enter the 
duodenum (see DIGESTIVE SYSTEM). 
GALLEY-BIRD, given as a Sussex name for a WOODPECKER 
by Mr. Charles Swainson (Prov. Names Br. B., pp. 99, 100), but 
not mentioned as such by Mr. Borrer or Mr. Knox. 
GALLIN Ai, the fifth Order of the Class Aves in the arrange- 
ment of Linnzeus, and taken as a whole a very natural one, com- 
prehending all that are commonly known as Gallinaceous Birds, or 
those allied to the common Fow. (Gallus). Other systematists 
have varied its title to Gallinacex or Gailinacei, and it is practically 
equivalent to the ALECTOROMORPH# of Prof. Huxley. By adding to 
the Order, as defined by Linneus, the Coluwmbx (Dove) and Crypturi 
(T1namov), Illiger in 1811 formed an Order which he called 
RASORES, a name adopted by many writers for more than half a 
century, but now generally admitted to be inadmissible. 
- GALLINEY, a local name for the domestic GUINEA-FOWL. 
GALLINULE, a name given in books to the Moor-HeEn, and 
thence occasionally, with qualification, to others of the Rallidz 
(RaIz). 
GAMBET, Fr. Gambetie, Ital. Gambetta (Lat. gamba), which last 
is said by modern Italian writers to be the common name of the 
Rurr. The word was anglified by Pennant, and applied to what, 
in Montagu’s opinion (Orn. Dict. Suppl.), was a bird of that species 
