308 GARE-FOWL 
1855, p. 423), thereby misleading an English writer (Nat. Hist. Rev. 
1865, p. 475) and numerous German readers. 
In further addition to this account already given it may be 
here mentioned that in 1874 Prof. Milne visited Funk Island, the 
famous resort in old times of this bird, in the Newfoundland seas, 
a place where bones had before been obtained by Stuvitz, and 
natural mummies so lately as 1863 and 1864, and landing there 
at the risk of his life, he brought off a rich cargo of its remains, 
belonging to no fewer than fifty birds, some of them in size 
exceeding any that had before been known. His collection, since 
dispersed, most of the specimens finding their way into various 
public museums in this country, has, however, been far exceeded 
by that made in 1887 by Mr. Lucas." 
1 A literature by no means inconsiderable has grown up respecting the 
Gare-fowl. Neglecting works of general bearing, few of which are without 
many inaccuracies, and omitting some to which reference has been already 
made, the following treatises may be especially mentioned :—J. J. S. Steen- 
strup, ‘Et Bidrag til Geirfuglens Naturhistorie og sxrligt til Kundskaben om 
dens tidligere Udbredningskreds,” Naturh. Foren. Vidensk. Meddelelser (Copen- 
hagen], 1855, p. 33; E. Charlton, ‘‘On the Great Auk,” Trans. Tyneside Nat. 
Field Club, iv. p. 111; ‘‘ Abstract of Mr. J. Wolley’s Researches in Iceland 
respecting the Gare-fowl,” Jbis, 1861, p. 874; W. Preyer, ‘‘ Ueber Plautus 
impennis,” Journ. fiir Orn. 1862, pp. 110, 337; K. E. von Baer, ‘‘ Ueber das 
Aussterben der Thierarten in physiologischer und nicht physiologischer Hin- 
sicht,” Bull. de ? Acad. Imp. de St. Pétersb. vi. p. 518; R. Owen, ‘‘ Description 
of the Skeleton of the Great Auk,” Zrans. Zool. Soc. v. p. 317; ‘‘The Gare- 
fowl and its Historians,” Nat. Hist. Rev. v. p. 467; J. H. Gurney, jun., ‘‘On 
the Great Auk,” Zoologist, 2nd ser. pp. 1442, 1639 ; H. Reeks, ‘‘ Great Auk in 
Newfoundland,” &c., op. cit., p. 1854; V. Fatio, ‘‘Sur ?Alca impennis,” Bull. 
Soc. Orn. Suisse, ii. pp. 1, 80, 147; “On existing Remains of the Gare-fowl,” 
Ibis, 1870, p. 256; J. Milne, ‘‘ Relics of the Great Auk,” Hie/d, 27 March, 
3 and 10 April 1875; J. A. Allen, ‘‘ The Extinction of the Great Auk at the 
Funk Islands,” 4m. Nat. 1876, p. 48; Robert Gray, “On the Great Auk,” 
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. x. pp. 668-682 ; Symington Grieve, ‘‘ Discovery of Remains 
of the Great Auk... on... Oronsay,” Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zoology) xvi. pp. 
479-487, The Great Auk or Garefowl (Edinburgh : 1885, 4to) [Reviews, Nature, 
xxxii. p. 545, Auk, 1886, p. 262], ‘‘Recent Notes on the Great Auk,” J’rans. 
Edinb. Field Nat. and Microscop. Soc. 1888, pp. 93-119; W. Blasius, “ Ueber 
die letzten Vorkomnisse des Riesen-Alks,” Ver. f. Naturw. zu Brawnschweig, iii. 
pp- 89-115, ‘‘Zur Geschichte der Ueberreste von Alca impennis,” Journ. fiir 
Orn. 1884, pp. 58-176, ‘‘Neue Thatsachen in Betreff der Ueberreste von 
Alcea impennis,” Tagebl. Naturf. Vers. Magdeburg, 1884, pp. 3821-3823; R. 
Collett, ‘‘ Ueber Alca impennis in Norwegen,” Mitth. Orn. Ver. Wien, 1884, 
pp. 65-69, 85-89; F. A. Lucas, ‘Great Auk Notes,” Auk, 1888, pp. 278-283, 
‘Expedition to the Funk Island, with Observations upon the History and 
Anatomy of the Great Auk,” Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus, 1887-88, pp. 493-529 ; 
F. Hardy, ‘‘ Testimony of Some Early Voyagers on the Great Auk, duk, 1888, 
pp. 380-884; P. Leverkiihn, ‘‘ Wann starb der Grosse Alk aus?” Monatsschr. 
Deutsch. Ver. Schutze Vogelwelt, 1888, pp. 388-390; Baron d’Hamonville, ‘‘ Note 
