GARGANE Y—GARROT 309 
GARGANEY! (North-Italian, Garganello), or SuMMER-TEAL, 
the Anas querquedula and A. circia of Linneus (who made, as did 
Willughby and Ray, two species out of one), and the type of 
Stephens’s genus Querquedula. This is one of the smallest of the 
Anatidz, and has gained its common English name from being 
almost exclusively a summer-visitant to this country, where nowa- 
days it only regularly resorts to breed in some parts of Norfolk, 
though probably at one time found at the same season throughout 
the great Fen-district. About the same size as the common THAL, 
A. crecca, the male is readily distinguished therefrom by its 
peculiarly-coloured head, the sides of which are nutmeg-brown, 
closely freckled with short whitish streaks, while a conspicuous 
white curved line descends backwards from the eyes. The upper 
wing-coverts are bluish-grey, the scapulars black with a white shaft- 
stripe, and the wing-spot (speculum) greyish-green bordered above 
and below by white. ‘The female closely resembles the hen Teal, 
but possesses nearly the same wing-spot as her mate. In Ireland 
or Scotland the Garganey is very rare, and though it is recorded 
from Iceland, more satisfactory evidence of its occurrence there is 
needed. It has not a high northern range, and its appearance in 
Norway and Sweden is casual. Though it breeds in many parts of 
Europe, in none can it be said to be common; but it ranges far to 
the eastward in Asia—even to Formosa, according to Swinhoe— 
and yearly visits India in winter. ‘Those that breed in Norfolk 
arrive somewhat late in spring, and mostly make their nests in the 
vast reed-beds which border the Broads—a situation rarely or never 
chosen by the Teal. The labyrinth or bony enlargement of the 
trachea in the male Garganey differs in form from that described 
in any other drake,? being more oval and placed nearly in the 
median line of the windpipe, instead of on one side, as is usually 
the case. 
GARROT, a French name of the GOLDEN-EYE, which some 
writers, beginning in 1829 with Griffith (Anim. Kingd. viii. p. 609) 
sur les quatre ceufs d’Alca impennis appartenant & notre collection,” A/ém. Soe. 
Zool. France, 1889, pp. 224-227, “ Addition 4 une Note,” &c. Bull. Soc. Zool. 
France, 1891, pp. 105-109. Lastly, reference cannot be omitted to the happy 
exercise of poetic fancy with which Charles Kingsley was enabled to introduce 
the chief facts of the Gare-fowl’s extinction (derived from one of the above- 
named papers) into his charming Water Babies. 
1 The word was introduced by Willughby from Gesner (Orn. lib. iii. p. 127), 
but, though generally adopted by authors, seems never to have become other 
than a book-name in English, the bird being invariably known in the parts ot 
this island where it is indigenous as “Summer-Teal.” 
2 I have found no mention of this part in the Blue-winged Teal of North 
America, A. discors, which in plumage has some resemblance to the Garganey ; 
but did its labyrinth differ from the ordinary form, I think some one would have 
noticed the fact. 
