310% GA ULDING—GA VIA 
have tried to make an English word. The origin of the French 
word was unknown to Littré; but its application to this bird is 
probably due to its rapid flight, one meaning of garrot being a 
crossbow-bolt. 
GAULDING or GAULIN, a word variously spelt, of unknown 
etymology and originally of doubtful meaning. What seems to 
be the same word appears as “Goldeine,” “Goldynis” (plur.), and 
“Goldynhis” in an Act of the Scottish Parliament in 1555, accord- 
ing to Langmuir and Donaldson (Jamieson’s Scott. Dict. ed. 2), but 
without explanation, though a connexion is suggested with the 
Icelandic Gulgnd, which is the GOOSANDER. In an Act of 1600 
(16 Jac. VI. cap. xxiii.) it stands as “Golding,” and there at pre- 
sent it must be left; but ‘“ Gaulding,” most generally pronounced 
“Gaulin,” is used in the Antilles, and perhaps elsewhere, for any 
of the smaller 4rdeidx, be they BITTERNS or HERONS. 
GAUNT, said to be applied in some parts of England to the 
Great Crested GREBE, and possibly corrupted from GANNET. 
GAVIA, an Order of the Class Aves, proposed by Bonaparte 
in a Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiv, which appeared in a tabular 
form in 1850, and in 1853 was published in a more convenient 
shape in the Comptes Rendus (xxxvii. pp. 643, 647), as well as in 
the Annales des Sciences Naturelles (ser. 4, 1. pp. 107, 142). At 
first it was made to include two tribes, Totipalmi (STEGANOPODES) 
and Longipennes, consisting of Procellaruidx, Laridx, and “ Chionidxe” 
(SHEATHBILL), but to these was afterwards added a third, Urin- 
atores, formed of <Alcidx, Colymbidw, and “ Podicipidx.” By 
some recent writers the term Gavix has been restricted to 
the GULLS and TERNS, or these together with the AuUKS; but 
its original signification should be always borne in mind; and 
here it may be remarked that, almost from the beginning of 
Systematic Ornithology, the word Gavia! has been used in several 
senses—for instance, in 1752, by Mohring (dv. Gen. p. 66), as 
equivalent to the Linnean Larus; in 1760 by Brisson (though 
not generically) for the middle-sized and smaller Gulls, together with 
the Noppy; in 1788 by J. R. Forster (Enchirid. Hist. Nat. p. 38) 
for a genus of Water-birds of which he did not specify the type ;? 
by Boie (Jsis, 1822, p. 563) as the generic name of the short-legged 
Gulls, Larus eburneus and L. rissa ;3 and by Gloger in 1842 (Hand- 
und Hilfsh. f. Naturgsch. p. 433) for the Lapwine (Vanellus) and 
1 Gavia seems to be still an Italian word signifying Gull, though the deriva- 
tive Gabbiano is more commonly used. 
? His diagnosis indicates that he meant what is most commonly called 
Colymbus (DIVER). 
3 Boie subsequently (Jsis, 1822, p. 876; 1826, p. 980; and 1844, p. 191) used 
the word in other senses. 
