GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 361 
Feathers, viii. pp. 37-72, 151-163 ; ix. pp. 107-132) and the personal 
experience of Captain Kelham (Jbis, 1881, pp. 362-395, 501-532 ; 
1882, pp. 1-18, 185-204) have investigated. Of Perak and the 
adjoining district Dr. Sharpe has rendered an account of some 
collections made there (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, pp. 350-353; 1887, 
pp. 431-443), and Herr Hartert has recorded his impressions (Journ. 
fiir Orn. 1889, pp. 379-407); while Herr August Miiller has very 
fully recounted researches in the island of Salanga (op. cié. 1882, 
pp. 354-448). The result arrived at by the first of these gentle- 
men shews a considerable amount of peculiarity in the Avifauna, 
since of the 459 species which he finally accepted, 115 (or just 
over one-fourth) had not been observed elsewhere in British 
India or its dependencies, but it is doubtless true, as the second 
of them remarks, that the rest of it has much in common with 
India and Ceylon, though the eastern slopes of the peninsula 
shew a strong relationship to Borneo, the Malay Archipelago, 
and even China, 
The Philippine Islands for more than a century have supplied 
ornithologists with materials for study, but the first attempt to 
compile a list of their Birds, made by Prof. von Martens (Journ. fiir 
Orn. 1866, pp. 5-31) was manifestly imperfect. In 1875 appeared 
what was for the time a careful account of their Avifauna by the 
late Lord Tweeddale, then known as Lord Walden (Zrans. Zool. 
Soc. 1x. pp. 125-252), which he shewed to have a great amount 
of peculiarity. Yet so much has since been done that his results 
cannot be now accepted, especially as Palawan and the Sooloos— 
islands which connect the Philippines with Borneo—were then 
unexplored. To him is probably due the interest in the subject 
almost ever since kept up, and indeed he contributed a long series 
of papers upon it, which after his death was continued by his 
nephew and ornithological heir, Captain Wardlaw-Ramsay,? while 
Dr. Sharpe has contributed nearly as many more,® and the recent 
. investigations in Palawan of Dr. Platen recorded by Prof. W. 
Blasius,* and of Dr. Steere, the final results of which last have not 
yet appeared, shew that the subject is not exhausted. Until this 
mass of information has been digested by a competent ornithologist 
it will be obvious that no useful end can be attained by attempting 
a summary here. Perhaps the chief thing to note is the presence 
here of a MecApopE, Megapodius cumingi, as it is the most northern 
locality for any member of the Family, and indeed it was in the 
1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, pp. 106-114, 280-288, 339-346, 379-381, 429, 430, 
611-624, 708-712, 936-954 ; 1879, pp. 68-73. 
2 Ibis, 1884, pp. 380-335 ; 1886, pp. 155-162. 
3 Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) i. pp. 307-355; Lbis, 1884, pp. 316-322 ; 1888, pp. 
193-204, 383-396 ; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, pp. 268-281. 
4 Ornis, 1888, pp. 301-320. 
