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380 GRALLATORES—GRASS-BIRD 
Tringa (SANDPIPER), Fulica (Coor), Parra (JACANA), Rallus (RAIL), 
Psophia (TRUMPETER), Cancroma (BOAT-BILL), Hematopus (OYSTER- 
CATCHER), Charadrius (PLOVER), Olis (BUSTARD), and Struthio 
(OSTRICH). 
GRALLATORES, Iliger’s modification (in 1811) of the pre- 
ceding, dividing it into 8 Families and 32 genera. For some fifty 
years this arrangement met in its main points with pretty general 
acceptance, but systematists at last came to the conclusion that the 
Order was an unnatural assemblage, and the name Grallatores is 
now scarcely used by any writers of authority. 
GRALLINA, a genus founded by Vieillot in 1816 (Analyse, 
p. 42), for what he thought was a new form of bird from New 
Holland, G. melanoleuca ; but it had been already twice described in 
1802 by Latham (Gen. Synops. Suppl. 1. pp. 117 and 130, and Jnd. 
Orn. Suppl. pp. 25, 29) as Corvus cyanoleucus and Gracula picata, and 
again in 1811 by Oppel, who also figured it (Denkschr. Akad. 
bayer. Wissensch. iii. pp. 156-166, pl. viii.) as a new genus and 
species, Zanypus australis. This generic term being preoccupied, 
Vieillot’s has to be adopted, and it has been accepted as an English 
word. Placed as it had been among Crows, Grackles, and 
Thrushes, Gould shewed great discrimination (Handb. B. Austral. 
i. 187) in not referring it to any group; but Dr. Sharpe (Cat. B. Br. 
Mus. iil. p. 272) assigned it to Prionopidxe, even then a doubtful 
position and a doubtful Family ; and Dr. Gadow has since ascer- 
tained that its vocal organs are not those of the normal Oscines. 
Grallina picata is generally dispersed over Australia, where it is 
known as the Magpie-Lark, frequenting the alluvial plains and 
sides of rivers, but being of a familiar disposition and constantly 
visiting homesteads, when it is said to run along the roofs like a 
Wagtail. Gould describes its flight as unlike that of any other 
bird known to him, being “in a straight line with a heavy flapping 
motion of the wings.” It builds a large cup-like nest of mud or 
earth, more or less mixed with grass, so as to look like a massive 
clay vessel, and this is generally placed on a bare horizontal branch, 
without attempt at concealment, though sometimes a few twigs or 
leaves partially hide the structure. The eggs, 3 or 4 in number, 
vary considerably in tint and markings (North, Cat. Nests and Eggs, 
B. Austral. p. 79).. This bird seems to be purely insectivorous. <A 
second species, G. bruijni, has been described from New Guinea 
(Salvadori, Ann. Genov. vil. p. 929). 
GRAPE-EATER, a name given in Australia to one or more of 
the species of ZOSTEROPS. 
GRASS-BIRD, a general name in America, from Canada to the 
Antilles, for the smaller SANDPIPERS, or some of them at least ; but 
