GULLET—GYMNORHINA 403 
to Europe and fourteen to North America, of which (excluding 
stragglers) some five only are common to both countries. Our 
knowledge of the geographical distribution of several of them is 
still incomplete. Some have a very wide range, others very much 
the reverse: as witness L. fuliginosus, believed to be confined to the 
Galapagos, and L. scopulinus and L. bulleri to New Zealand—the 
last indeed perhaps only to the South Island. The largest species 
of the group are the Glaucous and Greater Black-backed Gulls, L. 
glaucus and L. marinus, of which the former is circumpolar, and the 
latter nearly so—not having been hitherto found between Labrador 
and Japan. ‘The smallest species is the European L. minutus, though 
the North-American ZL. philadelphia does not much exceed it in size. 
Many of the Gulls congregate in vast numbers to breed, whether 
on rocky cliffs of the sea-coast or on heathy islands in inland 
waters. Some of the settlements of the Black-headed or “ PEEwiIT” 
Gull, L. ridibundus, are a source of no small profit to their proprietors, 
—the eggs, which are accounted a delicacy, being often taken 
on an orderly system up to a certain day, and the birds carefully 
protected. Ross’s or the Roseate Gull, Lhodostethia rosea, forms a 
well-marked genus, distinguished not so much by the pink tint of 
its plumage (for that is found in other species) but by its small 
Dove-like bill and wedge-shaped tail. It used to be an exceedingly 
scarce bird in collections; but it was met with abundantly in the 
autumn of 1881 off Point Barrow by Mr. Murdoch of the United 
States’ Polar Expedition (Report, &c., p. 123, pls. 1. i1.), and a large 
series of specimens was obtained. Its Arctic home, however, has 
not yet been found, but it has been seen, if not procured, in 
summer in Boothia Felix, and off the coast of Spitsbergen and on 
Franz Josef Land. More rare still is one of the species of Xema, 
X. furcatum, of which only five specimens, all but one believed to 
have come from the Galapagos, have been seen. Its smaller 
congener Sabine’s Gull, X. sabinii, is more common, and has been 
found breeding both in Arctic America and in Siberia, and many 
examples, chiefly immature birds, have been obtained in the British 
Islands. Both species of Xema are readily distinguished from all 
other Gulls by their forked tail. 
GULLET, see CGESOPHAGUS. 
GWILLEM, see GUILLEMOT. 
GYMNORHINA, G. R. Gray’s name in 1840 (List Gen. B. 
p. 37) for a genus apparently allied to Strepera and belonging to the 
“ Austro-Coraces” of Parker (Zrans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 327), a group 
of birds that has not yet been properly defined. They have fre- 
quently been called ‘“ Crow-Shrikes,” or, from their loud voice, 
“Piping Crows,” while dealers know them as “ Australian Magpies,” 
