440 HUMMING-BIRD 
its inner and outer condyle at the distal end with the radius and 
ulna. Its crests, ridges and processes present so many obvious 
modifications, characteristic of various groups, that its configuration 
appears to be of considerable taxonomic value. Assuming it to be 
in its natural position when the wing is folded, the glenoid surface 
of its head is bordered above by the tuberculum superius (insertion 
of the musculus supracoracoidus), and in the middle and below by 
the tuberculum inferius (insertion of muse. coraco-brachialis posterior). 
From the former extends the large crista superior (insertion of muse. 
pectoralis major on its outward dorsal edge, and of muse. deltoides 
major on its median surface). The ventral portion of the neck of 
the Humerus is formed by the strong crista inferior, on the median 
side of which, between the lower tubercle there is mostly a deep 
depression (fossa subtrochanterica) at the bottom of which air is 
admitted to the bone (cf. AIR-SACKS, p. 4) by means of a hole or 
holes. Among Anseres and Striges there is a very large orifice ; in 
Accipitres and Otididew the foramina are so numerous as to be 
cribriform; but in the Sphenisci (PENGUIN), Colymbidx, Alcidz, 
Laridx, many Tubinares and occasionally in Phenicopterus (FLAMINGO) 
foramina pneumatica are either very small or do not exist, while in 
Columbx and Galline the depression is very shallow and the foramen 
is almost on a plane surface. 
On the outer side of the Humerus, between the head and the 
crista inferior, is a groove lodging one of the coraco- humeral 
ligaments. This groove is very deep in Steganopodes, Ardeidz, 
Ciconidx, Phenicopterus, Rallidx, Laridx, Columbidx, Striges, Cypseli 
and Parrots, but very shallow in Gruidx, Otididx, Tubinares, 
Sphenisci, Coracias (ROLLER), Buceros (HORNBILL) and Caprimulgus, 
and scarcely marked in Gallinw, Anseres and Accipitres. Distally 
the humerus ends in a trochlea, composed of a larger roundish 
condyle for the articulation of the Ulna, and a smaller and more 
elongated knob for that of the Radius. A little above this knob 
there is frequently present an ectepicondylar process, serving for 
the origin of the tendons of some of the radial and ulnar flexors. 
This process is best developed in Laridx, most Limicolx, Turnicidx, 
Tubinares, Passeres, Pict and Cypselide: it is small in Striges, most 
Accipitres and Columbide, and minute or absent in Pteroclidz, 
(Edicnemus, Otis, Dicholophus, Grus, Rhinochetus, Eurypyga, Rallide, 
Tinamide, Galline, Colymbidx, Podicipedidx, Alcidx, Sphenisci, Stegano- 
podes, Ardeidx, Ciconiidx, Phenicopterus and Anseres. It is variable 
in the PICARIA (see SKELETON). 
HUMMING-BIRD, a name in use for more than two centuries, 
and possibly ever since English explorers first knew of the beautiful 
little animals to which, from the sound occasionally made by the 
rapid vibrations of their wings, it is applied. Among books that are 
