458 ICTINIA—IMPEVAN 
Icterus baltimore, whose brightly contrasted black and orange have 
conferred upon it the name it most commonly bears in North 
America, those colours being, says Catesby (B. Carol. i. p. 48), the 
tinctures of the armorial bearings of the Calverts, Lords Baltimore, 
the original grantees of Maryland, but probably more correctly those 
of their liveries. The most divergent form of Icteridxw seems to be 
Sturnella} (though Leistes comes near it in that respect), containing 
some four or five species or local races, of which the Meadow-Lark, 
S. magna or ludoviciana of North America, and its western ally S. neglecta 
are the best known. These are birds which in aspect and habits 
have considerable resemblance to the Alaudidz (LARK) of the Old 
World, and a still greater outward likeness to the members of the 
African and especially Caffrarian genus Macronyz (KALKOENTJE), 
usually referred to the Motacillide (WAGTAIL), though there can 
be no affinity between them.? Dolichonyx oryzivorus, the BOBOLINK 
or Rice-bird, with its very Bunting-like bill, is not much less 
aberrant. The genus Molobrus containing, among other species of 
parasitic habits, the well-known Cowpen-bird (Cow-BIrD) of North 
America, also belongs to this Family. The Icteridx are commonly 
supposed to represent in the New World the Sturnidx (STARLING) 
of the Old; but no clear affinity between them seems to have been 
proved, while by several characters the former are clearly allied 
to the Emberizidx (BUNTING). 
ICTINIA, see KITE. 
IDLE JACK, a local name in the Cape Colony for Sphenwacus 
africanus (GRASS-BIRD). 
ILEUM, part of the intestine (see DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, p. 138) ; 
but 
ILIUM, or os ilei, the most dorsal and largest of the three bones 
on each side of the PELVIS, which it connects with the sacral 
vertebre. 
IMBER- or IMMER-GOOSE, see EMBER GOOSE. 
IMPENNES, Illiger’s name in 1811 for a “Family” of Birds 
consisting of the genus Aptenodytes, and since often employed as 
that of the group containing the PENGUINS. 
IMPEYAN, mistakenly used by the ignorant, as though a sub- 
stantive, for any species of Lophophorus, the first s#d=bes¢-known of 
1 Truptialis has been separated from Sturnella on very slight grounds. 
2 It is impossible not to remark on the coincidence of this resemblance (so 
striking that did the birds occur in the same area it would be set down to 
Mimicry) with that afforded by the American genus Colaptes (FLICKER) and the 
South-African Geocolapies already mentioned (supra, p. 260). 
