IXUS 461 
Ohio in the west. It affects the most thickly wooded districts and 
especially the cyprus-swamps. ‘The male has a crest of fine scarlet, 
but otherwise his plumage is black and white, as is also that of the 
female. Beside the two species just named Mr. Hargitt (Cat. B. 
Br. Mus. xviii. pp. 460-480) includes 12 others in the genus, all 
of smaller size. 
IXUS, incorrectly written Jzos by Temminck, who proposed it 
in 1825 (Rec. de Pl. col. dOis. livr. 64) as a generic term for a 
section of Thrush-like (“ Z’urdoide”) birds which he had indicated two 
years before (op. cit. livr. 12), and a word used occasionally in 
English, particularly in regard to a species which he in 1840 
(Man. @Orn. iv. p. 608) called J. obscurus, believing it to be new 
and to be found in Europe. Some writers have been so much 
puzzled as to the precise application of the term that they have 
dropped its use, for Temminck made it include forms that are not 
congeneric, and did not define it until he described the species just 
mentioned, which has since been identified with the Zurdus barbatus 
of Desfontaines (Jém. Acad. Koy. Sc. 1787, p. 500) discovered by 
him in Algeria, and not known to occur to the north of the Medi- 
terranean, while it certainly cannot be placed in the same genus as 
the bird of Java to which the term was first applied. This last, 
which has been referred to a genus Hemixus by Dr. Sharpe (Cat. 
B. Br. Mus. vi. p. 53), should still retain Temminck’s title of 
I. virescens, while his J. obscurus has been rightly referred to the 
genus Pycnonotus (BULBUL) and now stands as P. barbatus. Though 
the section “'Turdoide ” was no doubt meant to be equivalent to the 
genus which Kuhl called Pycnonotus,! as Boie witnesses (Isis, 1826, 
p. 973), Temminck expressly states that his genus Jaus contained 
birds which had not a thickly-feathered back, the eponymic 
character of Pycnonotus, and therefore the two genera are not 
identical as some have thought. The so-called ‘Dusky Ixus,” 
P. barbatus of English authors, is a common bird in parts of Algeria 
and Morocco where its habits have been observed by several 
competent ornithologists whose accounts have been conveniently 
collected by Mr. Dresser (B. Eur. iii. pp. 353-355). A nearly 
allied species, P. xanthopygius, inhabits Palestine, and a single 
example of one from the Cape of Good Hope, P. capensis, is said to 
have strayed to Ireland (Yarrell, br. B. ed. 4, i. p. 247). 
1 Kuhl did not live to publish this name, and Boie is the authority for its 
bestowal. In their days it was not uncommon for naturalists to ticket a specimen 
in a museum with a name that, though accessible to a visitor, might not find its 
way into print for many years. The assertion, unsupported by any evidence, and 
contradicted by all we know of Kuhl’s severely scientific method, that a generic 
name given by him was published ‘‘in some popular Dutch periodical” can 
only raise a smile, 
