JACAMAR 463 
part of the latter, which is bright red in the living bird. Very 
nearly allied to Dycteria, and also commonly called Jabirus, are 
the birds of the genera Xenorhynchus and Ephippiorhynchus—the 
former containing one or (in the opinion of some) two species, 
A. australis and X. indicus, and the latter one only, ZL. sene- 
galensis. These belong to the countries indicated by their names, 
and differ chiefly by their feathered head and neck, while 
the last is sometimes termed the Saddle-billed Stork from the 
very singular shape of its beak. Somewhat more distantly 
related are the large birds belonging to the genus Leptoptilus 
(ADJUTANT). 
JACAMAR,! a word formed by Brisson from Jacameri, the 
Brazilian name of a bird, as given by Marcgrave, and since adopted 
in most European tongues for the species to which it was first 
applied and others allied to it, forming the Family Galbulidx? of 
ornithologists, the precise position of which is uncertain. All will 
agree that the Jacamars belong to the great heterogeneous group 
called by Nitzsch PIcAR1I#, but further into detail it is hardly safe 
to go. The Galbulide have zygodactylous feet, like the Cuculidx 
(Cuckow), Bucconide (PUFF-BIRD), and Picidx (WOODPECKER), 
they also resemble both the latter in laying glossy white eggs, but 
in this respect they bear the same resemblance to the Momotidx 
(Mormot), Alcedinide (KINGFISHER), Meropide (BEE-EATER), and 
some other groups, to which affinity has been claimed for them. 
In the opinion of Mr. Sclater,? the Jacamars form two groups—one 
consisting of the single genus and species Jacamerops aureus (J. 
grandis of most authors), and the other including all the rest, 
namely, Urogalba with two species, Galbula with ten, Brachygalba 
with six, and Jacamaralcyon and Galbalcyrhynchus with one each. 
They are all rather small birds (the largest known being little over 
10 inches in length), with a sharply pointed bill, and the plumage in 
every case more or less resplendent with golden or bronze reflexions, 
but at the same time comparatively soft. Jacamaralcyon tridactyla 
differs from all the rest in possessing but three toes (as its name 
indicates) on each foot, the hallux being deficient. With the 
exception of Galbula melanogenia, which is found also in Central 
America and southern Mexico, all the Jacamars inhabit the tropical 
portions of South America eastward of the Andes, Galbula ruficauda, 
however, extending its range to the islands of Trinidad and Tobago.4 
1 [In this word the c should be sounded soft, as s. 
2 Galbula was first applied to Marcgrave’s bird by Mehring. It is another 
form of Galgulus, and seems to have been one of the many names of the Golden 
ORIOLE. 
3 4 Monograph of the Jacamars and Puff-birds (London: 1879-82) ; and 
Cat. B. Br. Mus. xix. pp. 161-177. 
4 The singular appearance, recorded in 1853 by Canon Tristram (Zoologist, 
