JACKASS 465 
draughtsmen of the country last named making it a favourite 
subject of their pictures, in which its flowing tail and the very 
peculiar filamentous appendages to the tip of its first and fourth 
primaries are generally faithfully represented. In habits the 
Jacanas have much in common with the Water-hens, but that fact 
is insuflicient to warrant the affinity asserted to exist between the 
two groups ; for in their osteological structure, as already implied. 
there is much difference, and the resemblance seems to be only that 
of analogy. The Parridx, or at least such of them as have been 
sufficiently observed, lay very peculiar eggs, of a rich olive-brown 
wy, AN Nog 
INDIAN Jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus. 
colour, in most cases closely marked with dark lines, thus presenting 
an appearance by which they may be readily known from those of 
any other birds, though an approach to it is occasionally to be 
noticed in those of certain Limicolw, and especially of certain 
Charadrviide. The genus Palamedea (SCREAMER) was at one time 
thought to be allied to this Family, but is now, by almost common 
consent, allowed to have nothing to do with it. 
JACKASS, two species of PENGUIN (resembling one another 
so nearly as to have been long confounded) Spheniscus demersus and 
S. magellanicus, so called by sailors and by the people of the 
Falkland Islands 1—the latter “from its habit, while on shore, of 
throwing its head backwards, and making a loud strange noise, very 
like the braying of an ass.” (Darwin, Journal of Researches, chap. 1x.) 
With the prefix “Laughing,” the name is commonly applied to a 
large Australian KINGFISHER, Dacelo gigas, which makes, says Caley 
1 An older name there was Jumping Jack (Clayton, Phil. Trans. \xvi. p. 103). 
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