LARK SII 
leaving an open space between them. The hind claw, generally 
greatly elongated in Larks, as exemplified in A/auda and Calendula, 
CALANDRELLA BRACHYDACTYLA. 
is in Calandreila and some other genera reduced to a very moderate 
size. The wings exhibit almost every modification, from the almost 
CaLenpuLa. (After Swainson.) 
entire abortion of the so-called “first” primary in Alauda to its 
considerable development in Mirafra, and from tertials and scapulars 
of ordinary length to the extreme elongation found in the Motacillidx 
Mrirarra. (After Swainson.) 
and almost in certain Limicolew. The most constant character indeed 
of the Alaudidxw would seem to be that afforded by the podotheca or 
covering of the tarsus, which is scutellate behind as well as in front, 
but a character easily overlooked.! 
In the Old World Larks are found in most parts of the 
Palearctic area as well as in the Ethiopian and Indian Regions ; 
but only one species, Mirafra horsfieldi, inhabits Australia, and 
there is no true Lark indigenous to New Zealand. In the New 
World there is also only one genus, Ofocorys,* one species of which, 
found over nearly the whole of North America, is certainly not 
distinguishable from the Shore-Lark of Europe and Asia, 0. alpestris ; 
1 By assigning far too great an importance to this superficial character (in 
comparison with others), Sundevall (Zentamen, pp. 53-63) was induced to array 
the Larks, Hoopoes, and several other heterogeneous groups in one “‘ Series,” to 
which he applied the name of Scwtelliplantares (see INTRODUCTION). 
2 By American writers it is usually called Hremophila, but that name is pre- 
ozcupied in natural history. Its osteology is minutely described by Dr. Shufeldt 
(Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, vi. pp. 119-147). 
