LATIROSTRES—LEVER 513 
the anterior and lateral boundary, and runs out in a point towards 
the urohyal. To this is attached an unpaired procricoid which 
articulates with the right and left arytenoid cartilages, that close 
the top of the Larynx, and between them encompass the rima 
glottidis. The Larynx possesses only two muscles of its own, an 
apertor and a sphincter; but other tracheal and hyoid muscles are 
attached to it, while the rima glottidis in Birds is devoid of vocal 
chords, and hence no voice is produced here, though sounds can be 
modulated by the approximation or separation of its rigid margins, 
which are protected by pads of fatty tissue with horny, wart-like 
hooks upon their surface. An epiglottis, or soft process springing 
from the anterior corner of the glottis and capable of shutting 
down upon the latter, such as is found in Mammals, is scarcely 
developed in Birds, or indicated only by a tranverse fold, which 
may, as in Anseres, be supported by a little cartilage. In Birds 
the voice is produced by the SYRINX, sometimes called the Lower 
Larynx, which is situated at the pectoral end of the TRACHEA. 
LATIROSTRES, Cuvier’s name in 1805 for a section consisting 
of the SPOONBILL. 
LAVEROCK or LAVROCK, a Scottish name for LARK. 
LAVY, one of the many local names of the GUILLEMOT. 
LEATHER-HEAD, a name for one or more species of FRIAR- 
BIRD. 
LEVER, or LIVER. Interest has been roused by a statement 
which Montagu made in 1813 (Suppl. Orn. Dict.) to the effect that 
the present city of Liverpool took its name from a bird called 
“Liver” killed on the verge of a “pool,” and said by him to be an 
Ipis (Falcinellus igneus). Several writers have uncritically repeated 
this story, one part of which is very old, but the identification of 
the bird with an Ibis was new.! No one can suppose that this was 
his invention, but he unfortunately did not give the source of his 
information. The question of the origin of the name Liverpool? 
has been often discussed, and occasionally so warmly (Notes and 
Queries, ser. 6, ix. pp. 350, 414) that it must here be avoided. 
The mysterious bird that figured on the ancient corporation seal 
seems to have been an Eagle, the well-known symbol of St. John 
the Evangelist (cf. Picton, Memorials of Liverpool, i. p. 18); but 
that a bird called Liver or Lever was known to heralds is 
1 By most wrifers it had been said to be a Cormorant, for which there is no 
authority. 
2 Camden gives an Anglo-Saxon form, ‘‘ Lyferpole vulg. Lerpole,” for which 
there is said to be no real authority, the oldest form known being temp. Hen. II. 
*‘ Lirpul” or “ Litherpul” (Baines, Hist. County Palat. Lancaster, iv. p. 55), 
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