522 LOWAN—LUNGS 
is indigenous to Madagascar, and thence has been widely dis. 
seminated), are natives of Africa. These Old-World forms are the 
‘“Love-birds” proper; the others scarcely deserve that designation. 
LOWAN, see MEGAPODE. 
LUGGAR (Hind. Laggar or Lhagar, the female; Jaggar or 
Jhagar, the male), the Falco juggur of ornithology, and well known to 
Indian sportsmen as the most common of the large FALcons of 
that country. It belongs to the group containing the SAKER and 
others, which have been called “ Desert Falcons,”! as they prefer 
the plains or open country to the hills or forest districts. The 
number of species is uncertain; but, except the Australian F. 
hypoleucus (if that be rightly included among them) they may be 
recognized by the dull brown colouring of their plumage above, 
which does not display the light bluish-grey or rufous tints 
assumed by the LANNERS or the Falcons allied to F. peregrinus, 
while it is doubtful whether the adults assume the bars or hori- 
zontal markings which are generally so characteristic of maternity 
in the Falconide. The F. mexicanus or polyagrus of the southern 
parts of North America, and the rare F. subniger of Australia have 
been referred to this group. 
LUMME, see Loom. 
LUNDA (Skandin. Lunde), one of the many local names of the 
PUFFIN, and doubtless that from which Lundy, the island in the 
Bristol Channe!, is called. 
LUNGS, pulmones, in Birds are symmetrical and comparatively 
small. They occupy the dorsal portion of the thoracic cavity, 
above the HEART, Stomach and LIVER, and in front of the 
Krpnerys, from the vertebral column to the beginning of the sternal 
portion of the ribs, which impress themselves deeply upon the 
dorsal surface of the Lungs, while they are covered ventrally with 
a serous membrane (pleura). Secondary Bronchi (page 58), besides 
opening into AIR-SACS, send off a number of radially-arranged para- 
bronchia, all of which extend to and end blindly near the surface of 
the Lungs. The walls of these (tertiary) tubes, which form the 
chief mass of the ordinary tissue of the organs, are perforated 
in all directions by minute tubules (canaliculi aeriferi), which end in 
slight swellings, and so far resemble the alveoli of the Mammalian 
Lung. With these very fine respiratory passages are felted 
together the capillaries of the pulmonary vessels, so that blood and 
air, being separated from each other only by the extremely thin 
1 Separated by some systematists as a subgenus or genus Gennaia, properly 
written Gennza, and a term inadmissible in nomenclature owing to the prior 
application of Genngxus to a group of PHEASANTS. 
